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He clung to the principles to create an autocracy, a form of government in which he had total power. Anyone who questioned the absolute authority of the czar, worshiped outside the Russian Orthodox Church, or spoke a language other than Russian was labeled dangerous.
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Workers began to work on the world’s longest continuous rail line—the Trans-Siberian Railway.the railway was not completed until 1916. It connected European Russia in the west with Russian ports on the Pacific Ocean in the east.
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Russian Marxists split into two groups over revolutionary tactics. The more moderate Mensheviks wanted a broad base of popular support for the revolution. The more radical Bolsheviks supported a small number of committed revolutionaries willing to sacrifice everything for change.
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On January 22, 1905, about 200,000 workers and their families approached the czar’s Winter Palace in St. Petersburg.
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The first Duma met
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Nicholas II made the fateful decision to drag Russia into World War I.
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Nicholas moved his headquarters to the war front. From there, he hoped to rally his discouraged troops to victory.
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a group of nobles murdered Rasputin. They feared his increasing role in government affairs.
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They arranged Lenin’s return to Russia after many years of exile. Traveling in a sealed railway boxcar, Lenin reached Petrograd
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without warning, armed factory workers stormed the Winter Palace in Petrograd.
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Russia and Germany signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
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Lenin temporarily put aside his plan for a state-controlled economy. Instead, he resorted to a small-scale version of capitalism called the New Economic Policy (NEP). The reforms under the NEP allowed peasants to sell their surplus crops instead of turning them over to the government.
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Lenin suffered a stroke
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Lenin dies but before he died he wrote, “Comrade Stalin . . . has concentrated enormous power in his hands, and I am not sure that he always knows how to use that power with sufficient caution.”
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Russia’s farms and factories were producing as much as they had before World War I.
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Stalin was in total command of the Communist Party.
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Trotsky was forced into exile.
