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Greece
Greece (in modern Greek: Ελλάδα, Elláda (pronounced [eˈlaða] (listen); in ancient Greek: Ἑλλάς, Hellás), officially Hellenic Republic (Greek: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Romanization: Ellinikí Dimokratía), is a sovereign country, European Union.4 Around eleven million people live in the country that make up a very homogeneous society, where the Greek language is mostly spoken and Orthodox Christianity is practiced -
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Etymology
The names used to refer to the nation of Greece and the Greek people vary depending on the language, location and culture. Although the Greeks call the country Hellás or Ellada (in Greek, Ελλάς or Ελλάδα) and its official name is Hellenic Republic, in Spanish it is known as Greece, which comes from the Latin term Graecia. This was used by the Romans, literally means "the land of the Greeks" and is derived from the Greek name Graikós (Γραικός), whose etymology is still unknown -
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Greece history
The history of Greece is one of the earliest documented and studied. There are written sources from the II millennium a. C.1 The country that is now called Greece was formerly known as Hélade, but politically it was fragmented in numerous polis or that were formerly called independent city states, sometimes allying and sometimes faced in bloody wars -
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Greece Hellenization
Linguistic evidence shows that before the fourth millennium a. C., Greece and the surrounding area were inhabited by peoples who spoke non-Indo-European languages. It is not known precisely when Greek-language speakers arrived in Greece, but it is estimated that it could have occurred around 2000 BC. C. This suggests that the first civilizations witnessed in Greek, Cycladic, Aegean and Minoan territories were created by peoples who were ethnolinguistically related to the Greeks. -
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Macedonian domination and Hellenism
The Hellenistic period (also called Alexandrian) is called a historical stage of antiquity, whose chronological limits are marked by two important political events: the death of Alexander the Great (323 BC) and the suicide of the last Hellenistic sovereign -
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Macedonia
The second part of the fourth century BC C. supposes the preponderance of the Kingdom of Macedonia in Greece. His king, Philip II, felt great admiration for Greek culture, so he decided to unify the Greek polis and end the internal struggles. Philip was characterized by establishing friendly relations with Athens. But Demosthenes, a famous Athenian speaker and politician -
Cretan civilization
It is the first civilization in the Greek world, and flourished on the island of Crete. Its inhabitants settled in the area around the year 6000 a. C., and reached the maximum splendor between the years 2000 a. C. and 1600 a. C. They had abundant wealth, accumulated thanks to trade with other cities of the bronze age, and the fertility of their soil, which produced olives, cereals and wine in abundance -
Mycenaean civilization
From 1600 a. C. until the year 1200 a. C., in the Bronze Age, Greece had important palatial centers that dominated different territories, among them, Mycenae was one of the main active centers. The kings or lords lived in large palaces that played the role of army headquarters and administrative center -
Greece origins
The first advanced civilization, the Cretan or Minoan, developed on the island of Crete. During its period of greatest splendor (Middle Minoan period, around 1950 BC to 1550 BC), the palaces of Knossos, Festos and Hagia Triada were built. On the other hand, the Achaeans or Protohelenes settled in the Argolis, where they built the fortresses of Tirinto and Mycenae, from which derived the Mycenaean name given to their high civilization, assimilating the Minoan culture -
Greece Hellenization
Linguistic evidence shows that before the fourth millennium a. C., Greece and the surrounding area were inhabited by peoples who spoke non-Indo-European languages. It is not known precisely when Greek-language speakers arrived in Greece, but it is estimated that it could have occurred around 2000 BC. C. -
Places and towns
The Greek civilization extended to the Aegean Islands, the eastern coast of the Aegean Sea, the southern coasts around the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian seas, and many coastal areas around the entire Mediterranean basin. Later, with the conquests of Alexander the Great, they would extend to the East. -
Aegean and Cycladic Civilization
The first civilizations recorded in what is now Greece are the prehistoric civilizations, which did not produce written records and therefore can only be studied through archeology.