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Industrial Revolution
~ Started in England in 1760's, brought to America by people like Samuel Slater, in the 1790's
~ Involved mechanization of manufacturing, especially in the textile industry.
~ Led to inventions like the steam engine, and telegraph which reduced travel time, and revolutionized trade.
~Occurred more in the North, rather than the South, furthering sectional differences. -
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Agrarian vs. Industrial
~ Starts during Industrial Revolution when the North industrializes, and the South remains agrarian.
~ North pushes industrialization, and paying workers.
~ South remains agrarian especially after the invention of the cotton gin.
~ Economic split begins to occur, further driving sectionalism, which is especially driven by tariffs. -
Declaration of Independence
~ A declaration stating that the 13 American colonies were independent from the British Empire
~ Written by Thomas Jefferson
~ It helped inspire Vermont to abolish slavery in its constitution which led the Northern states to abolish slavery which started the tensions between the Northern and Southern states over slavery -
Constitution
~The Constitution was a document that stated the rights of the United States citizen.
~The Anti-Federalists feared that a strict Constitution will create a type of tyranny that was similar the colonies under British rule.
~The Federalists (Mostly North states) believed that the Constitution was the only way to prevent tyranny
~The Anti-Federalists demanded a Bill of Rights. -
States versus Federal Rights
~Anti-Federalists (Mostly Southern states) did not believe in the Constitution because it would take away your rights.
~The Anti-Federalists feared that a strict Constitution will create a type of tyranny that was similar the colonies under British rule.
~The Federalists (Mostly North states) believed that the Constitution was the only way to prevent tyranny -
Sedition Acts
~The Sedition Act was a law that made it illegal to write or speak wrongly about the government and it's officials.
~The Federalist North liked and created the idea because they were being talked wrongly about and didn't like it.
~However the Anti-Federalist South opposed the law because it was infringing on two freedoms guaranteed in the Constitution. -
10th Amendment
~The 10 amendment states that all of the laws that aren't given to the Federal government are given to the state.
~The Anti-Federalist South supported this amendment because they believed in states rights.
~The Federalist North did not support it as much as the Anti-Federalist South, they believed that the Federal government should have the most power. -
Nullification
~The Anti-Federalist South believed in states rights that allowed for them to determine whether or not law was constitutional or not.
~The Federalist North believed that the Federal Government has supreme rule over the constitutionality of a law.
~This idea was used in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. -
Industrial Revolution
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Wage vs. Slave
~ Debate starts as industrialization spreads in the North, and people work in deplorable conditions in factories, for small wages.
~ South counters abolitionists with the argument that factory workers are "wage slaves", and have worse living conditions than slaves.
~ North argues that the wage workers are free, and are paid. -
Bill of Rights
~The Bill of Rights was a document that protected the first 10 rights in the Constitution.
~ The Bill of Rights also protected people from cruel and unusual punishment.
~The Bill of Rights was created in order to get the Southern states to ratify the Constitution. -
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Fugitive Slave Laws
~ First law passed in 1793, opposition to the law grows
~ Stricter law passed in 1850 as part of the Compromise of 1850
~ Both laws overturned in 1864 -
Virginia and Kentucky Resolution
~The two documents stressed the compact theory, a theory that is believed that the government created the states therefor the states need to listen to the federal government.
~The two documents that the states can declare what is and is not constitutional.
~The Anti-Federalist South believed in states rights, while the Federalist North did not. -
Missouri Compromise
~This compromise admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine would become a free state. This compromise also excluded slavery from lands gained in the Louisiana Purchase north of 36' 30'.
~This act helped keep the balance between slave and free states.
~This upset the South because they wanted to expand slavery across the United States. -
Manifest Destiny
~ The belief that the expansion of the U.S. was both justified and inevitable
~ A calling from God that He wanted America to expand to the Pacific Ocean
~ Cause problems with the North and South because the adding of new territory brought up the problem of unequal adding new slave/free states -
Tariff of Abominations
~ Passed by John Q. Adams, helped to secure defeat to Jackson.
~Intended to protect Northern industry, instead it raised the cost of goods in the South, and caused problems for Northern industry.
~Resulted in the publication of the South Carolina Exposition and Protests, helping the nullification movement. -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
~This rebellion was led by a black preacher named Nat Turner who led a rebellion which killed sixty Virginians. Most of the people who were killed were women and children.
~This created tension in the South because slave owners were forced to create stricter and harsher slave laws to avoid future rebellions.
~This created tension in the North because anti-slavery northerners started to create more propaganda which made the slave owners look like monsters. -
Annexation of Texas
~ Texas wins independence from Mexico in 1836
~ Initially, Mexico threatens war if the U.S. annexes Texas.
~ Texas admitted as a state in 1845, after Congressional approval. -
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Mexican American War
~ War declared on Mexico, after troops stationed near the Rio Grande, in disputed territory are attacked.
~ American troops commit atrocious acts bordering on war crimes.
~ Mexico surrenders and cedes land to America for $15 Million in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
~ Debate in Congress occurs concerning slavery in the newly acquired territory, and both sides are wary of upsetting the balance of slave and free states. -
Compromise of 1850
~This compromise allowed disputes to be temporarily ended due to concessions given to the North and the South.
~The Southerners were happy with this compromise because New Mexico and Utah would be open to popular sovereignty, Texas would receive $10 million, and there will be a stricter fugitive slave law.
~The Northerners were happy because California would become a free state, New Mexico would receive disputed territory, and the slave trade would be abolished. -
Fugitive Slave Act
~The Compromise of 1850 made this act which created stricter punishments for runaway slaves. It also made it impossible for runaway slaves to testify on their own behalf or have a jury trial.
~It created tension with northerners because if they helped the runaway slaves would be fined and jailed. They disregarded the act and helped slaves anyways with the Underground Railroad and riots.
~This backfired for the South because instead of keeping peace it led to rebellions and war. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
~Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin" to gain more people on the anti-slavery side.
~It made many southerners look bad and malicious because of the way slavery was portrayed, and it gained more people to join the abolitionist cause.
~This book was one of the causes of the Civil War because it created more tension between the North and South due to the rising numbers of people joining the anti-slavery cause. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
~This act allowed the people in Kansas and Nebraska to choose if they wanted to be slave or free states.
~This upset many northerners because this act violated the Missouri Compromise because it allowed slavery in land north of the 36' 30' line.
~This caused tension because since this act was passed, the South had an upper hand because they had another slave state, which upset the balance between slave and free states. -
"Bleeding Kansas"
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"Bleeding Kansas"
~ The period of violence caused by settling the Kansas territory ~ Started by the Kansas-Nebraska Act overturning the Missouri Compromise's use of latitude as a boundary line for dividing the free and slave states ~ It created tensions by forcing both the North anti-slavery forces and the South pro-slavery forces into Kansas to try to sway the slavery vote -
Brooks Attacks Sumner
~ Attacks him for criticizing the South and his uncle
~ Happened in the U.S. Senate
~ created tensions by forcing the issue of slavery into the government -
Dred Scott Case
~ An enslaved African American man tried to sue for his, his wife's, and his children's freedom
~ He lost due to the Constitution saying that he was property and therefore had no right to sue for his freedom
~ Angered the anti-slavery North and encouraged the pro-slavery South to make bolder demands in the Congress -
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
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Lincoln-Douglas Debates
~ A series of debates between Lincoln and Douglas about slavery for a seat in the U.S. Senate
~ Douglas won the seat in the U.S. Senate and Lincoln gained the widespread recognition that would help him win presidency in 1860
~ This led to an even more widespread split between the North and South because each person pretty much represented one side -
Raid on Harper's Ferry
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Raid on Haper's Ferry
~ John Brown tried to start an armed slave revolt and destroy slavery by leading a small group on a raid against a federal armory in Harper's Ferry
~ Seven people were killed and ten or more were injured before John Brown's men were either killed or fled because of force from local pro-slavery people, the militiamen, and the U.S. Marines
~ It inflamed sectional tensions and made any further accommodations between the North and the South impossible -
Election of 1860
~ Between Abraham Lincoln, John C. Breckinridge, Stephen A. Douglas, and John Bell
~ Lincoln won the election
~ This led to seven of the Southern States beginning with South Carolina to secede -
Wage versus Slave
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Agrarian versus Industrial
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Mexican American War
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Fugitive Slave Laws
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