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The Cotton Gin Invented
A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 causes: the cotten gin was invented in order to produce cotton and cotton products at a much higher rate. effects: the cotton gin actually incresed slavery rathere that lowr the need for them, despite what it did. the cotton gin was a leading cause in the civil war because it increaesd the amount of slaves coming in to the country, increasing the norths hatred for slavery. -
Gabriel's Inserection
enslaved blacksmith who planned a slavery rebellion in the richmond area in the summer of 1800 causes: as the amount of slaves that are coming into the country inreases due to the inventsion of the cotton gin. as well as the tightening slave laws. effects:this created fear that slaves would overthrow white rule. this attitude was a setback to abolitionism, and led to a growing interest in removing blacks from US soil -
Second Great Awakening
the second great awakening was a prottestant movement during the early 18 hundreds in the US the movement began around 1790 and after 1820 membership rose rapidly among the baptist and methodist congregations lead by preachers. causes: the great awakening, the original movement. effects: urged many to reform the US there were movements to prohibit alcohol, to increase public education, to support rights for women, and to help the criminal and mentally ill -
Fugitive Slave Act of of 1793
federal law that required slaves to be forcfully returned to their owners if they had escaped to the north. causes: the underground railroad was a leading cause in the fugititve slave act of 1793, because so many slaves were running away to the north and canada. causing slave owners to become angry at the north for not returning their slaves. effects: the slave act upset the northern population who were against slavery, so many refused to follow the act. -
American Colonization Society Created
a group of people who were worried about slavery on society they agreed that slavery had to end, and black slaves should be sent back to africa this was a failure because few planters freed their slaves, so me blacks didn't even to want to leave the US causes: they were abolitionists who belived in the freedom of slaves, they viewed that every man of every race was equal to that of another effects: led to many of the futuire slave reforms , giving freed slaves some basic rights -
Treaty of 1818
a negotiation between the monroe administration and england this treaty was created after the War of 1812 to settle disputes between britian and the us. It allowed americans to share newfoundland with the canadians, and fixed the vague northern limits of louisiana causes: war of 1812, louisiana purchase. effects: it marked the endo of GBs war efforts with the US -
Missouri Compromise
over the issue of slavery in missour. It was decided that missouri would become a slave state and maine would become a free state. all states above the 36th parallel would be free states and all South would be slave states causes: the balance in congress over the issue of slavery was vital, so in order for the votes to be equal, the number of slave states and free states had to be equal. effects: was the deciding factor for many other states over slavery in states in the US -
Versey Revolt
US freed slaves and insurrectionist in SC who were involved in planning an uprising of slaves and were hanged. -
(Nat) Turner Rebellion
1831 rebellion started by a VA slave who believed he received a divine message telling him it was time for a rebellion,he gathered 80 followers who killed 60 white men, he was eventually captured and executed serving as a martyr for the slavery cause, this greatly increased tensions between whites and blacks across the south causes: the rebellion was caused by nat turner and his hatred for both slavery and blacks. effects: while this was a rebellion and in the eyes of the government a crime, -
Nullification Crisis of 1832
A sectional crisis created by the south carolina ordinance of 1832. the ordinance declared that the federal tariff of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional, and therefore did not matter to the boundaries of SC causes: south carolina was upsey due to the repeated tarrifs and taxes. effects: created the nullification act -
American Anti Slavery Society Created
the american anti-alavery society was an abolitionist society founded by william lloyd garrison and arthur tappan to free slaves causes: Missouri Compromise effects: greater good for slaves -
Gag Resolution
strict rule passed by pro-southern congressmen in 1836 to prohibit all discussion of slavery in the house of rep. causes: the slavery debate becoming a major problem throughou the us effets: creation of thr gag rules -
Texas Independence
after a few skirmishes with mexican soldiers in 1835, texas leaders met and organized a temporary government. texas troops initially seized san antonio, but lost it after the alamo, texas then issued a declaration of Independence causes: the texans had violated mexican law by bring in slaves effects: led to the annexation of texas and it becoming a US state after the mexican american war. as well as the new territories -
Panic of 1837
when andrew jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the us bank, these banks were issuing paper money that he felt was unreliable, so he effectivley shut down the bank. causing a panic that made cotton prices grestly increase. causes:biddle, who actually caused the rebellion in an attempt to prove jackson wrong. effects: shut down the national bank of the us perminantly because it held to much power over the national economy -
Aroostook War
non violent confrontation in 1838-1839 between the US and the british over the international boundary between canada and maine it nearly escalated into a conflict between state militias and the british army causes: -
Webster- Ashburton Treaty
1842 between the US and the british, settled boundry disputes in the NW, fixed most borders between US and canada -
Election of 1844
henry clay and james polk, clay had already spoken out against annexation so polk won the election by the difference of one state, NY -
Texas Annexation
the US annexed texas and admitted it to the Union as the 28th state the US this inherited texas border dispute with mexico this quickly led to the mexican american war, during which the US captured additional territory causes: texas war for independence as well as polks need to aquire texas effects: the mexican american war, kansas territory -
Mexican American War
the war between the US and mexico in which the US got one half of the mexican territory causes: texs annexation, texas independence effects: US was given a large perecntage of the mexican territory -
Oregon Treaty
negotiation of the border between oregon and canada... americans wanted it at the 54-40 parrallel, eventually was put at the 49th parallel -
wilmont proviso
Controversial bill that would have banned slavery in the territories acquired after the War with Mexico. -
Liberia Created
A west african nation founded in 1822 by the american colonization society to serve as a homeland for free blacks to settle -
Popular Sovereignty first proposed
notion that the people of a territory should determine if they want to be a slave state or a free state causes: would help to settle the disputes over wether a stae was pro slavery or not effects: led to poplar sovereignty -
Election of 1848
zachary taylor won over martin van buren and lewis class. zachary taylor later died in office, making his vice president millard fillmore president -
Gold Discovery in California
the first to hear news of the gold rush were people in oregon, hawaii, and latin america, who were the first to start flocking to the state in 1848 news of gold brought some 300,000 people to california from the rest of the US effects: led to california becoming a state -
treaty of guadalupe-hidalgo
Treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million -
Free Soil Party Created
dedicated to opposing slavery in new territories -
Compromise of 1850
california was admitted as free state, federal assumption of texas debt, slave trade abolished in DC, and new fugitive slave law; advocated by henry clay and stephen A. douglas causes: after the mexican american war the US had a large amount of land that they need to control effects: led to peace between the north and the south -
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
gave federal government authority in cases involving runaway slaves, allowing people to return them to their "owners" for a fee. causes: compromise of 1850, and slave holders tired of losing slaves effects: uncle toms cabin, -
Election of 1852
between franklin pierce and winfield scott, and franklin pierce came out as the winner -
uncle toms cabin
powerful novel that make Americans and people across the world aware of the harsh and inhumane conditions of slavery and put the U.S. on the road to civil war causes: fugitvie slave acts effects: showed the world the cruelty of slavery -
Gadsden Purchase
US purchase of land from mexico that included the southern parts of presentday arizona and new mexico set the current borders of the contiguous united states and was motivated by the desire for a southern route of the transcontinental railroad causes: mexican american wars victory effects: US gained land from mexico -
"Bleeding Kansas"
a sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-slavery elements that took place in kansas nebraska territory the dispute further strained the relations of the N and S effects: greatly led to civi war -
Kansas Nebraska Act
this act repealed the missouri compromise and established a doctrine in congress, opular sovereignty would now determine whether kansas and nebraska would be slave or free states causes: missouri compromise effects: states cou -
Know-Nothing Party Created
a strongly anti-foreign party in the 1856 election they nominated millard fillmore -
Ostend Manifesto
a secret recommendation that the US offer spain around 20 million for cuba with the hope that it could become a slave state it leaked to the public, and the idea had to be abandoned -
republican party created
anti-slavery whigs and democrats, free soilers and reformers from the northwest met and formed a party in order to keep slavery out of the new territories causes: mexican american war, gadsden purchase, abolition -
Brooks Summer Caning
in one of the most dramatic and deeply ominous moments in the Senate's entire history, a member of the House of Representatives entered the Senate chamber and savagely beat a senator into unconsciousness -
Election of 1856
In this presidential election, democrat james buchanan defeated republican candidate john C. fremont he won the general election by denouncing the abolitionists, promising not to allow any interference with the compromise of 1850. -
Lawrence Kansas Act
On the morning of May 21, 1856 an armed force of as many as 800 men descended upon the newly formed town of Lawrence in the Territory of Kansas and proceeded to systematically destroy it. With this act, the town of Lawrence became the first casualty in America's Civil War that would officially be declared five years later. -
Pottawtomie creek massacre
john brown and a band of abolitionist settlers killed five settlers north of pottawattomie creek in kansas which came to be known collectively as bleeding kansas due to all of the fighting occuring there. -
Dred Scott v. Sandford Supreme Court Decision
was a landmark decision by the US supreme court in which the court decided that african americans could not be american citizens and therefore had no standing to sue in federal court -
Panic of 1857
a notable sudden collapse in the economy caused by over speculation in the railroad and in land and a break in the flow of european capital to american investments and since it did not effect the south as bad as the north, they gained a sense of superiority -
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
lincoln forced douglas to debate issue of slavery, douglas supported pop-sovereignty lincoln asserted that slavery should not spread to territories -
Harpers Ferry Raid
john brown seized the US arsenal at harpers ferry he planned to end slavery by massacring slave owners and freeing their slaves he was captured and executed and became a martyr and hero to many abolitionists effects: -
Crittenden Compromise
was a last-ditch attempt to prevent civil war there was an offer to ammend the consstitutional, recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36-30' line -
Election of 1860
lincoln won due to the democratic party being split over slavery ass a result the south no longer felt like it has a voice in politics and a number of states seceded from the union effects: the civil war -
seccession of south carolina 1860
On December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first Southern state to declare its secession and later formed the Confederacy. The first shots of the Civil War were fired in Charleston by its Citadel cadets upon a civilian merchant ship Star of the West bringing supplies to the beleaguered Federal garrison at Fort Sumter January 9, 1861. The April 1861 Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter ignited what became a four-year struggle that divided the nation.