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Thesis
The time period of the 1700s-1900s was marked by revolution and war, causing change, such as the colonies winning independance in the American Revolution, but was mostly a period of continuity as conflict built up until it exploded, most notably in the alliance system of the first world war. -
Battle at Plassey
A British force of 3,000 men commanded by Robert Clive defeated the 50,000 strong army of Siraj ud-daula at Plassey. Due to spies in the Indian ranks, buying off of officials, and defections in Indian ranks, the battle turned in Clive's favor. This is continuity as the British had been building a presence in India for a while. -
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American Revolution
After policy changes to trade new taxes being pressured on Britain's colonies, the colonies rebelled. As the French assisted the colonists and the British failed to defeat the colonies, the United States were formed. This is a change as the colonies are no loner colonies, but an independant country. -
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French Revolution
Social changes coupled with the new ideas of the Enlightment caused the French citizens to want reform. After a few gains, such as the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, the revolution became more violent under Robespierre until he himself fell. This was continuity as the situation in France had been increasing for a while. -
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War for Independance in Haiti
Due to the war in France, the free people of Haiti became divided in their beliefs. Taking advantage of the situation, Toussaint L'Overture and the slaves of Haiti started a rebellion for independance. After defeating opposed forces, Haiti was declared independant. This is change as Haiti is now a country and is no longer the great sugar colony it once was. -
Napoleon Bonaparte in power
After the fall of the radical regime, Napoleon Bonaparte came into power with an authoritarian regime, replacing the republic. Despite his negative attributes, such as limiting freedom of expression, he enacted religious freedom and equality for men. He also established schools and universities. After several military gains, Napoleon was defeated. This was change as the government shifted from a republic to an authoritarian state. -
Congress of Vienna
Surprisingly, France was not punished very hard when the Congress of Vienna met in 1815. The diplomats wanted to maintain the European power balance-- however they did build up power around France-- and restored the old map. This was a change, as Europe mostly reverted back to its old ways. -
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American Civil War
The American Civil War might have only been fought in the U.S., but it was observed around the world as the first war fought with the new weaponry and technological advances. The war ended with the North defeating the South and slavery being abolished. This was change, as this was the first war which used new technology and brought change to the U.S. -
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Spanish-American War
After a failed civil war for independance by Cuba in 1868, fighting against Spain began again in 1895. The United States had built a pressence in Cuba before the war and now join in, allowing direct U.S. involvement in the Caribbean. This was change as the United States now has a foothold in the Caribbean. -
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Boer War
The British had allowed the Boers to do what they wanted to with the African people in their territory, but as the Boers became more discrimiate toward them, the British tried to lessen their actions. This led to Boer assaults againsts the British, sparking war. The British eventually won, although they felt bad and lost many soldiers and resources. This was continuity as tension built up. -
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World War I
Due to an extensive and complicated alliance system dominating most of Europe and some other world countries, tension between the Troiple Alliance and the Triple Entente spiraled out of control. Such diplomatic issues, such as Germany and Britain believing war would help their countries come together and promote the economy, mixed with the alliances caused the world to be dragged in. This is continuity as tension had been building for a while.