Renaissance Timeline Project

Petrarch

Jul 20, 1304

Petrarch was born Francesco Petrarca on July 20, 1304, in Arezzo, Tuscany. He was a devoted classical scholar who is considered the "Father of Humanism," a philosophy that helped spark the Renaissance. Petrarch's writing includes well-known odes to Laura, his idealized love.

Perspective

1377

Interestingly, all of these subjects are combined in linear perspective, which uses geometric lines and a vanishing point to give the illusion of depth and space to painting. Giotto, Brunelleschi, and Alberti experimented and/or wrote about linear perspective and helped pave the way for future Renaissance artists.Renaissance artists were concerned with making their art look realistic, and one of the ways they achieved this realism was through the use of linear perspective.

Humanisum

1400

focused on worldly issues,not religion.Also believed education should stimulate creativity.Emphasized the humanities,such as grammar,rhetoric,poetry,and history.Humanists studied the works of Greece and Rome to learn about their own culture.

Leonardo da Vinci

Apr 15, 1452

Born out of wedlock to a notary, Piero da Vinci, and a peasant woman, Caterina, in Vinci in the region of Florence, Leonardo was educated in the studio of the renowned Florentine painter Andrea del Verrocchio. Much of his earlier working life was spent in the service of Ludovico il Moro in Milan.Sometimes credited with the inventions of the parachute, helicopter and tank, he epitomised the Renaissance humanist ideal.

Printing Revolution

1455

In 1455 Johann Gutenberg printed the first complete edition of the Bible using a printing press with movable type.Printed books were far easier to produce than hand-copied books.From a few thousand, the number of books in Europe rose between 15 and 20 million by 1500.

Erasmus

Oct 28, 1466

Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus ( 28 October 1466 – 12 July 1536), known as Erasmus or Erasmus of Rotterdam, was a Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, social critic, teacher, and theologian.Erasmus was a classical scholar and wrote in a pure Latin style. Among humanists he enjoyed the sobriquet "Prince of the Humanists", and has been called "the crowning glory of the Christian humanists".

Copernicus

Feb 19, 1473

Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who put forth the theory that the Sun is at rest near the center of the Universe, and that the Earth, spinning on its axis once daily, revolves annually around the Sun. This is called the heliocentric, or Sun-centered, system.Copernicus studied law and medicine at the Universities of Bologna and Padua, then returned to Poland after witnessing a lunar eclipse in Rome in 1500.

Michangelo

Mar 6, 1475

Michelangelo, in full Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (born March 6, 1475, Caprese, Republic of Florence [Italy]—died February 18, 1564, Rome, Papal States), Italian Renaissance sculptor, painter, architect, and poet who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art.Michelangelo was considered the greatest living artist in his lifetime. ever since then he has been held to be one of the greatest artists of all time.

Thomas More

Feb 7, 1478

Sir Thomas More ( 7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535), venerated by Roman Catholics as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman and noted Renaissance humanist. He was also a councillor to Henry VIII, and Lord High Chancellor of England from October 1529 to 16 May 1532. He wrote Utopia, published in 1516, about the political system of an imaginary ideal island nation.

Raphael

Mar 6, 1483

Italian Renaissance painter and architect Raphael was born Raffaello Sanzio on April 6, 1483, in Urbino, Italy. At the time, Urbino was a cultural center that encouraged the Arts. Raphael's father, Giovanni Santi, was a painter for the Duke of Urbino, Federigo da Montefeltro.A leading figure of Italian High Renaissance classicism, Raphael is best known for his "Madonnas," including the Sistine Madonna, and for his large figure compositions in the Palace of the Vatican in Rome.

Martin Luther

Nov 10, 1483

Martin Luther, (born November 10, 1483, Eisleben, Saxony [Germany]—died February 18, 1546, Eisleben), German theologian and religious reformer who was the catalyst of the 16th-century Protestant Reformation.Christian belief and resulted in the division of Western Christendom between Roman Catholicism and the new Protestant traditions.Soon after Luther’s birth, his family moved from Eisleben to the small town of Mansfeld, some 10 miles (16 km) to the northwest.

Scientific Method

1500

A method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses.The scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge.It was invented by Galileo, Bacon (both Roger and Francis), Descartes and Newton.

John Calvin

Jul 10, 1509

Born on July 10, 1509, in Noyon, Picardy, France, John Calvin was a law student at the University of Orléans when he first joined the cause of the Reformation. In 1536, he published the landmark text Institutes of the Christian Religion, an early attempt to standardize the theories of Protestantism.John Calvin was Martin Luther's successor as the preeminent Protestant theologian. He died in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1564.

Sale of Indulgences

1517

A pardon for certain types of sin. The Catholic Church sold indulgences in the late medieval period, and their sale motivated Martin Luther to present his "95 Theses." Martin Luther: German monk who questioned the leadership and theology of the Catholic Church in 1517.

Elizabeth I

Sep 7, 1533

Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the last monarch of the House of Tudor.Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, his second wife, who was executed two-and-a-half years after Elizabeth's birth.

Coucil of Trent

1545

Appointed by the pope in1545;over 20 years,advised about reforms to answer the Protestant challenge.The Council of Trent (Latin: Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trento (Trent), northern Italy, was an ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, it has been described as the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation.

Henry viii

Jun 28, 1547

Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. Henry was the second Tudor monarch, succeeding his father, Henry VII.Henry is best known for his six marriages.

Galileo

Feb 15, 1564

Galileo discovered four of Jupiter's moons almost four hundred years ago. Galileo Galilei was an Italian physicist and astronomer. He was born in Pisa on February 15, 1564. Galileo's father, Vincenzo Galilei, was a well-known musician.

William Shakespeare

Mar 26, 1564

William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's per-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet, and the "Bard of Avon". His extant works, including collaborations, consist of approximately 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship.

Isaac Newton

Jan 4, 1643

Yes, Sir Isaac Newton is best known for his work on gravity. He also worked on and discovered many other scientific wonders during his lifetime (1642-1727). His work in physics was so advanced that he was the first scientist to be knighted, which is a great honor in England and the reason "Sir" preceeds his name.