renaissance timeline lauren bennett

Petrarch

Jul 20, 1304

Petrarch was a poet and scholar whose humanist philosophy set the stage for the Renaissance. He is also considered one of the fathers of the modern Italian language.Petrarch was born Francesco Petrarca on July 20, 1304, in Arezzo, Tuscany. He was a devoted classical scholar who is considered the "Father of Humanism," a philosophy that helped spark the Renaissance.

Johan Gutenberg

Jun 24, 1400

Johannes Gutenberg was born in Mainz, Germany. He started experimenting with printing by 1438. In 1450 Gutenberg obtained backing from the financier, Johann Fust, whose impatience and other factors led to Gutenberg's loss of his establishment to Fust several years later. Gutenberg's masterpiece, and the first book ever printed in Europe from movable type, is the “Forty-Two-Line” Bible, completed no later than 1455.

Lorenzo de' Medici

Jan 1, 1449

Lorenzo was born on January 1, 1449, in the powerful and wealthy Florentine branch of the Medici family. His parents were Piero di Cosimo de' Medici and Lucrezia Tornabuoni. He had four siblings: sisters Maria, Bianca, and Lucrezia, and brother Giuliano.

Leonardo da Vinci

Apr 15, 1452

Leonardo da Vinci was a Renaissance artist and engineer, known for paintings like "The Last Supper" and "Mona Lisa,” and for inventions like a flying machine.He was a Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, military engineer and draftsman, the epitome of a true Renaissance man. Gifted with a curious mind and a brilliant intellect, da Vinci studied the laws of science and nature, which greatly informed his work.

Erasmus

Oct 28, 1466

Desiderius Erasmus was a Dutch humanist who was the greatest scholar of the northern Renaissance, the first editor of the New Testament.His educational writings contributed to the replacement of the older scholastic curriculum by the new humanist emphasis on the classics. By criticizing ecclesiastical abuses he encouraged the growing urge for reform, which found expression both in the Protestant Reformation and in the Catholic Counter-Reformation.

Pope Paul III

Feb 29, 1468

Pope Paul III, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 October 1534 to his death in 1549. He came to the papal throne in an era following the sack of Rome in 1527 and rife with uncertainties in the Catholic Church following the Protestant Reformation. Reflecting his sense of self-importance, his pontificate was given to the wholesale aggrandizement of his family: family members received key ecclesiastical positions, benefices, and lands.

Machiavelli

May 3, 1469

When the Medici family returned to power in 1512, Machiavelli was dismissed and briefly jailed. He then wrote The Prince, a handbook for politicians on the use of ruthless, self-serving cunning, inspiring the term "Machiavellian" and establishing Machiavelli as the "father of modern political theory." He also wrote several poems and plays. He died on June 21, 1527, in Florence, Italy.

Albrecht Durer

May 21, 1471

Albrecht Dürer,painter and printmaker generally regarded as the greatest German Renaissance artist. His vast body of work includes altarpieces and religious works, numerous portraits and self-portraits, and copper engravings. His woodcuts, such as the Apocalypse series, retain a more Gothic flavour than the rest of his work. Dürer’s art took the young artist to the Netherlands, to Alsace, and to Basel, Switzerland, where he completed his first authenticated woodcut.

Michelangelo

Mar 6, 1475

With the expulsion of the Medici family from Florence in 1494, Michelangelo traveled to Bologna and Rome, where he was commissioned to do several works. His most important early work was the Pieta (1498), a sculpture based on a traditional type of devotional image that showed the body of Christ in the lap of the Virgin Mary. Demonstrating masterful technical skill, he extracted the two perfectly balanced figures of the Pieta from a single block of marble.

Thomas more

Feb 7, 1478

Thomas More, was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist. He was also a Chancellor to Henry VIII, and Lord High Chancellor of England from October 1529 to 16 May 1532. And also wrote the book utopia

Henery VIII

Jun 28, 1481

Henry was the second son of Henry VII, first of the Tudor line, and Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV, When his elder brother, Arthur, died in 1502, Henry became the heir to the throne; of all the Tudor monarchs,which helped give an assurance of majesty and righteousness to his willful, ebullient character. He excelled in book learning as well as in the physical exercises of an aristocratic society, and, when in 1509 he ascended the throne, great things were expected of him.

Raphel

Apr 6, 1483

Raphael was born on April 6, 1483, in Urbino, Italy. He became Perugino's apprentice in 1504. Living in Florence from 1504 to 1507, he began painting a series of "Madonnas." In Rome from 1509 to 1511, he painted the Stanza della Segnatura ("Room of the Signatura") frescoes located in the Palace of the Vatican.

Martin Luther

Nov 10, 1483

Martin Luther German theologian and religious reformer who was the catalyst of the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. Through his words and actions, Luther precipitated a movement that reformulated certain basic tenets of Christian belief and resulted in the division of Western Christendom between Roman Catholicism and the new Protestant traditions, mainly Lutheranism. He is one of the most influential figures in the history of Christianity.

Thomas Cranmer

Jul 2, 1489

Thomas Cranmer the first Protestant archbishop of Canterbury (1533–56), adviser to the English kings Henry VIII and Edward VI. As archbishop, he put the English Bible in parish churches, drew up the Book of Common Prayer, and composed a litany that remains in use today. Denounced by the Catholic queen Mary I for promoting Protestantism, he was convicted of heresy and burned at the stake.

Ignatius of Loyola

Oct 23, 1491

Ignatius Loyola founded the Jesuits (the Society of Jesus). The Jesuits were one of the major spearheads of the Counter-Reformation. The work done by Ignatius Loyola was seen as an important counter to Martin Luther and John Calvin. Ignatius Loyola was born in 1491 into a wealthy noble family.

ignatius of loyola

Oct 23, 1491

St. Ignatius of Loyola was a Spanish priest and theologian who founded the Jesuit order in 1534 and was one of the most influential figures in the Counter-Reformation. Ignatius Loyola founded the Jesuits (the Society of Jesus). The Jesuits were one of the major spearheads of the Counter-Reformation. The work done by Ignatius Loyola was seen as an important counter to Martin Luther and John Calvin. Ignatius Loyola was born in 1491 into a wealthy noble family.

John Calvin

Jul 10, 1509

Born in France in 1509, theologian/ecclesiastical statesman John Calvin was Martin Luther's successor as the preeminent Protestant theologian. Calvin made a powerful impact on the fundamental doctrines of Protestantism, and is widely credited as the most important figure in the second generation of the Protestant Reformation. He died in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1564.

Elizabeth I

Sep 7, 1533

Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603. Sometimes called the Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the last of the five monarchs of the House of Tudor. Her father was Henery VIII of England.

Willam Shakespere

1564

William Shakespere was a famous renessiance poet and play writer. He wrote Romeo and Juliet ,Macbeth, and hamlet. Wich of all are plays and books that we still read and use in classes today

Galileo

Feb 15, 1564

Galileo Galilei was an astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath from Pisa. Galileo has been called the "father of observational astronomy", the "father of modern physics", the "father of the scientific method", and the "father of modern science".Galileo's observations strengthened his belief in Copernicus' theory that Earth and all other planets revolve around the Sun.

Humanism

1827

an outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems. This was a Renaissance cultural movement which turned away from medieval scholasticism and revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought.