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1096
The 1st Crusade
The First Crusade was the first of all of the Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule. -
Period: 1096 to 1291
The Crusades
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1147
The 2nd Crusade
The Second Crusade was the second major crusade launched from Europe. The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County of Edessa in 1144 to the forces of Zengi. -
1189
The 3rd Crusade
The Third Crusade was an attempt by three European monarchs of Western Christianity to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187. For this reason, the Third Crusade is also known as the Kings' Crusade. -
Period: 1346 to 1352
Black Death
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1347
Start of Black Death
The plague arrived in Europe in October 1347, when 12 ships from the Black Sea docked at the Sicilian port of Messina. People gathered on the docks were met with a horrifying surprise: Most sailors aboard the ships were dead, and those still alive were gravely ill and covered in black boils that oozed blood and pus. -
1347
Black Death Spread
Historians and scientists have puzzled about how the Black Death took such a firm hold over such a vast area in such a short time. Some have suggested that the main plague variant was pneumonic rather than bubonic because airborne transmission seems to support its rapid spread. However, pneumonic plague kills so quickly, in a few hours, that it actually spreads slowly because the host rarely lives long enough to infect many people. -
1352
End of Black Death
The most popular theory of how the plague ended is through the implementation of quarantines. The uninfected would typically remain in their homes and only leave when it was necessary, while those who could afford to do so would leave the more densely populated areas and live in greater isolation. -
1400
Rise of Rome and Medici Family
The Medici family ruled the city of Florence throughout the Renaissance. They had a major influence on the growth of the Italian Renaissance through their patronage of the arts and humanism. The Medici family were wool merchants and bankers. Both businesses were very profitable and the family became extremely wealthy. -
Period: 1400 to 1495
The Early Renaissance
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Period: 1495 to 1527
The High Renaissance
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Period: 1500 to
Scientific Revolution
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1514
Comprehensive Heliocentric Theory
Nicolaus Copernicus discovered Comprehensive Heliocentric Theory in 1514. Comprehensive Heliocentric Theory is an astronomical model that he made which positioned the Sun at the center of the Universe, with Earth and the other planets orbiting around it in circular paths. -
1517
95 Theses
Martin Luther's “95 Theses" is what started the reformation in 1517. His 95 theses caused it and it was about a religious reform movement that swept through Europe in the 1500s. -
Period: 1517 to 1555
The Reformation
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Period: 1527 to
The Late Renaissance
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1555
Peace of Augsburg
The Peace of Augsburg was the cause of the end of the reformation. The Peace of Augsburg was in 1555 and it allowed for the coexistence of Catholicism and Lutheranism in Germany. -
Telescope
The telescope is something that Galileo invented. Galileo invented a version of this that allowed him to view the stars and Jupiter's moons. -
Scientific Method
The history of scientific method considers changes in the methodology of scientific inquiry, as distinct from the history of science itself. The development of rules for scientific reasoning has not been straightforward. Scientific method has been the subject of intense and recurring debate throughout the history of science.