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A religious document written in the middle ages before the secular idea came to be
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This is an age of secular ideology and moving away from religion. This marks the end of the middle ages. Time of excel in architecture, inventing, and art.
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introduces the idea of a pilgrimage (holy trip) to its readers
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ruled milan for about 30 years
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Donatello was commissioned to create a statue of St. George around 1413 for the guild of Florentine armorers and sword-makers
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Medici family uses money to support the growing of artists in Florence. Soon came to be the most powerful family in Florence.
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in the north, humanism entered service of religious progress
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secular painting
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Johann Gutenberg holds the distinction of being the inventor of the movable-type printing press. In 1455, Gutenberg produced what is considered to be the first book ever printed: a Latin language Bible, printed in Mainz, Germany.
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starts first Italian war where the French invade Italy.
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a half-length portrait painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci that has been described as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world
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The Sistine Chapel ceiling, painted by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512, is a cornerstone work of High Renaissance art. The ceiling is that of the Sistine Chapel, the large papal chapel built within the Vatican between 1477 and 1480 by Pope Sixtus IV, for whom the chapel is named.
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a satirical criticism of many of the superstitions and other traditions held by European society at the time, and in particular the Roman Catholic Church.
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The Prince is a 16th-century political treatise by the Italian diplomat and political theorist Niccolo Machiavelli
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Document stating that what the medici were doing selling the papers for profit was wrong. started rebellion against church
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Charles elected Holy Roman emperor. Charles I of Spain, who by birth already held sway over much of Europe and Spanish America, is elected the successor of his late grandfather, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian
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Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther. Three months later, Luther was called to defend his beliefs before Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms, where he was famously defiant. For his refusal to recant his writings, the emperor declared him an outlaw and a heretic.
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The Sack of Rome on 6 May 1527 was a military event carried out in Rome (then part of the Papal States) by the mutinous troops of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.
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Il Libro del Cortegiano or The Book of The Courtier was written by Count Baldassare Castiglione (1478–1529), and was first published in vernacular Italian in 1528. The book provides a fascinating insight into Renaissance court life, and was the ultimate 'how to' guide for aspiring courtiers.
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The Second War of Kappel (Zweiter Kappelerkrieg) was an armed conflict in 1531 between the Protestant and the Roman Catholic cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy during the Reformation in Switzerland.
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The Supreme Head of the Church of England was a title created in 1531 for King Henry VIII of England, who was responsible for the foundation of the English Protestant church that broke away from the authority of the Roman Catholic Church after Pope Paul III excommunicated Henry in 1533 over his divorce from Catherine
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The name "Act of Supremacy" is given to two separate acts of the English Parliament, one passed in 1534 and the other in 1559. Both acts had the same purpose; to firmly establish the English monarch as the official head of the Church of England, supplanting the power of the Catholic pope in Rome.
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The Jesuit order played an important role in the Counter-Reformation and eventually succeeded in converting millions around the world to Catholicism. The Jesuit movement was founded by Ignatius de Loyola, a Spanish soldier turned priest, in August 1534.
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The Council of Trent can be seen as the most important factor to the reform of the Catholic Church because many of its most important aims to reform the church were achieved. Although the Council of Trent was important it was unable to agree a compromise with Protestant churches.
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The executions that marked her pursuit of the restoration of Roman Catholicism in England and Ireland led to her denunciation as "Bloody Mary" by her Protestant opponents. Mary had almost 300 disagreeing religious people burned at the stake, which are recorded in John Foxe's Book of Martyrs. Due to this, many called her "Bloody Mary". When her half-sister, Elizabeth I, came to the throne after Mary's death, she made England Protestant again.
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Peace of Augsburg, 1555, temporary settlement within the Holy Roman Empire of the religious conflict arising from the Reformation. Each prince was to determine whether Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism was to prevail in his lands (cuius regio, eius religio).
