-
1300
Humanism
Humanism was a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence over acceptanceof dogma or superstition. An example of this is the belief that a person creates their own set of ethics. -
Jul 20, 1304
Francesco Petrarch
Petrarch was an Italian scholar, poet, and humanist. He was known for contributing to the Renaissance flowering of lyric poetry. He was thought to have an inquiring mind and love for Classical authors, which led him to travel, visiting men of learning and searching monastic libraries for Classical manuscripts. Lastly, he was regarded as being the greatest scholar of his age. -
1400
Johannes Gutenburg
Johannes Gutenburg was a German craftsman and inventor. He is most well known for originating a method of printing from movable type. This invention had a monumental impact on the transmission of knowledge. -
1440
Printing Revolution
The printing revolution started from the switch from hand printing to mechanical printing. This revolution transformed the life of people, because it caused more people to read, because now the book were more affordable. Also the rates of literate people went up by very much. -
Jan 1, 1449
Lorenzo de' Medici
Lorenzo de' Medici was a florentine statesman, ruler, and patron of arts and letters. He is thought to be the most brilliant of the Medicis. He ruled Florence with his brother from 1469-1478, then was a sole leader of Florence from 1478-1492. He let it known that he was going to follow in his fathers and grandfathers footsteps. -
Oct 28, 1466
Desiderius Erasmus
Erasmus was a dutch humanist who was known as the greatest scholar of the northern Renaissance. He was also known for being the first editor of the New Testament, and was an important figure in patristics and classical literature. Lastly, he helped lay the groundwork for the historical study of the past, most inmortantly in his studies of the new greek testament and the Church Fathers. -
Feb 29, 1468
Pope Paul III
Pope Paul III was an Italian noble and was the last of the Renaissance popes, and the first pope of the Counter-Reformation. He was known as the one who encouraged the beginning of the reform movement that deeply affected the Roman Catholic Church in the late 16th century. Lastly, he was known for encouraging the foundation of new religious orders and congregations, such as Theatines, Barnabites, and more. -
May 3, 1469
Niccolo Machiavelli
Machiavelli was a political philosopher, statesman, and secretary of the Florentine republic. He is most famous for his short political treatise, Thhe Prince. He was blamed for inspiring Henry VIII to defy thre pope and seize religious authority fir himself. Lastly, Shakespeare cited him as "The Murderous Machiavel" -
Feb 7, 1478
Thomas More
Thomas More was an English humanist and statesman, he was also chancellor of England from 1529-1532. He was well known for being an important counselor to King Henry VIII of England. He was also very well known for coining the word "Utopia", which was in refernce to an ideal political system in which policies are govern by reason. He was later canonized by the Catholic Church as saint in 1935. He was beheaded when he refused to accept King Henry VIII as head of the Church of England. -
Nov 10, 1483
Martin Luther
Martin Luther was a German theologian and religious reformer. He is most well known for being the catalyst of the 16th century Protestant Reformation. He also precipitated a movement that lead to the division of the Western between Roman Cathlocism and the new Protestant traditions. He is known as one of the most influental writers in the history of Christianity. -
Jul 2, 1489
Thomas Cranmer
Thomas CRanmer was the first Protestant archbishop of Canterbury, he was also the advisor to kings Henry VIII and Edward VI. While he was archbishop he put the English bible in parish churches, drew up the book of common prayer, and also composed a litany that remains in use today. -
1500
Heliocentric Theory
The Heliocentric theory states that all the planets rotate around the sun, which sits in the center of the solar system. This opposed geocentrism, which had the Earth sitting in the center of the solar system. Nicolaus Copernicus was the man who proposed this theory. -
Jul 10, 1509
John Calvin
John Calvin was a theologian, pastor, and ecclesiastical statesman. He was well known for being the leading French Protestant reformer and most important figure in the second generation of the Protestant Reformation. Lastly, he helped popularize the belief in the sovereignty of god in all areas of life. -
1517
Sale of Indulgences
An indulgence was a payment to the Catholic Church that purchased an exemption from punishment for some types of sins. Although reformers had many complaints about the Catholic Church, the practice of selling these raised the most opposition. -
1545
Council of Trent
The Council of Trent was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. It was prompted by the Protestant Reformation. It was considered to be the embodiment of the Counter-Reformation. It was estimated that there was about 255 people in attendence during the final sessions. -
Jan 22, 1561
Francis Bacon
Francis Bacon was a lawyer, statesman, philosopher, british author, and master of english tounge. He is remembered for writing a few dozen essays, along with many books. Which are credited with developing the scientific method, and remained influental through the scientific revolution. He was also known for his power of speaking in parliament, and as James I's lord chancellor. -
Feb 15, 1564
Galileo
Galileo was an Italian philosopher, astronomer, and mathematition. He is most well known for his discoveries using a telescope, which revolutionized astronomy, he also paved the way for Copernican heliocentric system.he is also known for contributions to motion, astronomy, and strengths of materials. Lastly, he marked the beginning of a fundimental change in the study of motion. -
Apr 23, 1564
William Shakespeare
William Shakspeare was an English poet, dramatist, and actor. He was ofthen called the English national poet and is considered by many to be the greatest dramatist of all time. It is estimated that he worte at least 38 plays in his lifetime. There are other poets and novelists that have trescended national barriers, but no writers living reputation can compare to Shakespeares. -
Scientific Method
The Scientific Method is the empirical method of acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science. There are 7 steps to the Scientific Method, 1-Question, 2-Research, 3-Hypothesis, 4-Experiment, 5-Observations, 6-Results/Conclusion, and lastly 7-Communicate. -
Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton was an English physicist and mathmatician who had many discoveries. The discovery he is most famous for is the three laws of motion, resulted into the law of universal gravitation. Another one of his discoveries was the composition of white light, which laid the foundation for modern physical optics. Lastly he discovered infinitesimal calculas.
