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1508 BCE
Hatshepsut - Patron of the Arts
Hatshepsut was the pharaoh of Egypt. During her rein she led the expedition to import different types of materials for artists to use in their work to make it more creative. Her love for the arts was a driving force for the golden age of the New Kingdom.
https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-female-patrons-shaped-art-history -
1400
Renaissance Homes - Daily Life
Homes
If you were poor your home was very small and usually only two rooms with dirt floors. They were made of stone or wood. If you were wealthy your home was made of brick and had many rooms with beautiful furniture and giant gardens. The wealthy also had several staff that took care of the home.
https://prezi.com/8qhimmdfsds7/upper-class-lower-class-homes-of-the-renaissance/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_architecture -
May 23, 1434
Patrion:Cosimo De Medici
Cosimo de Medici is the man behind the Medici family's wealth and the start of their dynasty. he controlled Florence in 1434. he funded the architect Filippo Brunelleschi and the sculptor Donatello -
1440
The Printing Press
Around 1440 German goldsmith John Guttenburg invented the printing press. These presses could print up to 3,600 words per day compared to only 40 per day by hand printing or copying. Printing increased dramatically and was much more accurate. It also decreased the expense for printing costs and made it more affordable for literacy and learning. It also encouraged talented people to write.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing_press -
1470
Clothing - Daily Life
Clothing
The way clothing changed reflected on which social class you were from. Many of the wealthier began to have clothing designed to express themselves and individuality. Clothing became more luxurious because of being made from more expensive materials like silk and lace.
https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/daily-life-0 -
1490
Humanism - Daily Life
Religion changes as humanisim took form. It became a popular way of thinking because it focused on human accomplishments and how we focused more on being good people vs how much money we gave to the church to be seen as good people in the eyes of God. Tulius Cicero was a leader in teaching humanism.
https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195399301/obo-9780195399301-0002.xml
https://www.britannica.com/topic/humanism -
1500
The Prince - Niccolo Machiavelli - Literary Arts
His major work was on ethics and government and would describe how people in power maintain control by ways that ignore right or wrong and accept the philosophy that “the end justifies the means”.
When the Medici family restored power in Florence Machiavelli was dismissed from his role with the Florentine Republic as secretary and devoted himself to writing. hoocher.com -
1503
The Mona Lisa - Leonardo da Vinci - Renaissance Art -
Leonardo was famous for many inventions like the armored vehicle , calculator and helicopter. He was never able to complete the projects in his lifetime because the materials weren’t available. His most famous works of are The Mona Lisa and the Last Supper. He painted the Mona Lisa between 1503 and 1506. People believe the woman in the painting is actually a self portrait of himself.
worldatlas.com -
1508
Sistine Chapel - Michelangelo - Renaissance Artists
Michelangelo began his apprenticeship as an artist at the age of 13.He was famous for many works of art including The Statue of David and his painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. When he was commissioned to paint the Sistine Chapel he was supposed to paint the 12 apostles but instead painted nine scenes from the book of Genesis. He began the painting in 1508 and finished it in 1512.
worldatlas.com -
1510
Anatomy - Scientific Discoveries
Leonardo da Vinci invented many things including the parachute, helicopter, and calculator.
His most famous drawing the Virtruvian Man was made even more refined from his studies while dissecting the bodies of executed criminals and at the same time paving the way for the studies of anatomy. -
1512
The Sistine Madonna - Raphael - Renaissance Art
The Sistine Madonna was painted in 1512 by Raphael. Pope Julius commissioned him to paint it for the church of san Sisto. In the painting Madonna is holding baby Jesus and next to her are Saint Sixtus and Saint Barbara and two cherubs rest on their elbows under her.
en.m.wikipedia.org -
1512
The Creation of Adam - Michelangelo - Renaissance Art
Michelangelo painted the Creation of Adam in 1512. It is one of the most duplicated paintings in the world. The painting illustrates the hands of God and Adam about to touch. It is also painted on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
https://www.parblo.com/blogs/guides/10-most-famous-paintings-of-the-renaissance -
1515
Indulgence Campaign - Catholic Church – Pre Reformation
The Pope began an indulgence campaign to raise the money needed to rebuild the Roman church St. Peter’s Basilica. In Roman Catholic the term “indulgence” means forgiving of all sins. Preachers went to Germany to sell the indulgences and promised the buyers buy purchasing them it would release souls from purgatory. -
Oct 31, 1517
The Ninty-five Thesis – Catholic Church Pre Reformation
Luther believed that the idea of selling indulgences was wrong and prevented the congregation from trying to be good Christians. He wrote the bishop a letter and included a copy of "Disputation of Martin Luther on the Power of Efficacy of Indulgences". This later became known as The Ninty-five thesis. The church tried to stop Luther’s beliefs and considered him an enemy and he was excommunicated from the church.
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant_Reformation -
1521
Edict of Worms
A meeting was held of a Diet in the city of Worms in 1521. It issued the Edict of Worms. In the edict it prohibited the printing and sale of Luther’s work and as well from anyone to help him or give him shelter. The edict was openly defied in areas of the German states.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheranism -
1529
Prosthetic Limbs - Inventions
Around 1529 prosthetics were invented by Ambrose Pare. Limbs and eyes were now replaceable. Before this invention doctors didn’t have any other option besides amputation.
https://sau57.org/c.php?g=332382&p=2231782 -
1534
Luther's Translation of the Bible Is Published
In 1522 Luther’s German translation of the New Testament was published. In 1534 is translation of the Old Testament was published. He spent the rest of his life publishing the translation. Luther’s version of the bible influenced other translations like the Tyndale Bible.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther -
1563
The Wedding Feast At Cana – Paolo Veronese – Renaissance Art
The Wedding Feast at Cana is a painting that tells the story from the book of John in the bible of the Marriage at Cana where Jesus turned water into wine. It was painted by Paolo Veronese in 1563. Paolo was commissioned by The Black Monks to paint this piece.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wedding_at_Cana -
1564
Pencils - Inventions
England had discovered a graphite mine in 1564. They put the graphite into sheets and cute them into rods and inserted the rods into wooden hand carved holders to form the first pencil. This invention is still used by almost everyone to this day. https://sau57.org/c.php?g=332382&p=2231782 -
Romeo & Juliet - Literary Works
Romeo and Juliet is a play that was written by William Shakespeare. Romeo and Juliet were supposed to be sworn enemies because of a long standing feud their families had but they fell in love. Their untimely deaths bring both families together in the end and end the feud. This classic has been made into films and musicals to date.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxrjfrd/revision/1 -
Flush Toilet - Invention
In 1596 Sir John Harrington created the flush toilet. Many people discouraged him to stop the production. 200 years later Alexander Cummings and Joseph Bramah invented the valve for the bowl and Sam Prosser got the patent for it.
https://sau57.org/c.php?g=332382&p=2231782 -
Hamlet - Literary Works
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare between 1599 & 1602. The story tells how Prince Hamlet’s uncle Cladio murdered Hamlet’s father and then married his mother so he could seize the throne. The story tells how Hamlet sought revenge.
https://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/hamlet/themes/ -
Clergy Abuse - Catholic Church Pre-Reformation
Prior to the Reformation the bible was only printed in Latin and not in the local language. The printing was mandated by church and the church services by the Pope were also in Latin so the congregation had no way of looking to the bible to see if what they could understand were true. The clergy ignored the needs of the poor and focused their attention on who could give more money to the church.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church -
The Telescope - Scientific Discoveries
The telescope was first patented in 1608 by the Dutch eyeglass maker Hans Lippershey. Galileo went on to make improvements reaching magnifications up to 20x. He went on to use it for studying the moon and the Milky Way.
https://interestingengineering.com/a-brief-history-of-the-telescope-from-1608-to-gamma-rays -
Catherine The Great - Patron Of The Arts
Catherine the Great 1762-1796
Catherine was a very driven and determined woman. She had a thirst for learning and her intelligence and strong will help land her the role of Empress.
During her rein she played a huge role in forming St. Petersburg into one of Europe’s cultural centers by commissioning different types of art throughout Europe and many other countries. -
The Peace of Augsburg
In 1955 The Peace of Augsburg, the treaty between the Holy Roman Emperor and the Schmalkaldic League was signed. Individual rulers would decide themselves which religion they would follow – Catholic or Lutheran. Protestant rulers could keep all of their church land seized before 1552. Any Bishops or Abbots who had become protestants had to resign and give up their land to the Catholic Church.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_of_Augsburg
