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Nov 11, 1301
Papal Schism (The Catholic Church: Pre-Reformation)
The ruler of Rome attempted to weaken the leader of the Church of France by forcing them to give him money. The leader of France's church was put in prison, after he told the ruler of Rome that he would soon be kicked out of the Church. Clement V became the new leader of the Congregation. After becoming the head of the Church, Clement V made Avignon, France the congregation's new center.
Citations:
Audrey Guyer - Martin Luther and Reformation.ppt -
Dec 6, 1320
"The Divine" (Literary Works)
Dante composed "The Divine" in 1320. It was an epic about the spirit's adventure to Heaven. Dante wrote this poem about himself. In this poem, he traveled to a place of uncertainty, inferno and the Promised Land.
Citations:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Divine-Comedy
https://www.amazon.com/Divine-Comedy-Complete-Dante-Alighieri/dp/1979060819
Audrey Guyer - Artistic Movements of the Renaissance -
Mar 1, 1397
Medici Bank (Patrons of the Arts)
Giovanni di Bicci de Medici founded the Medici Bank in 1397. The Pope of the Catholic Church stored some of his money in this bank. This bank became really famous among Europeans because the Pope of the Catholic Church had an account there. Unlike the pope, the rulers of Europe were not allowed to borrow money from the Medici Bank. This is because the Medici family viewed royalty as a way of losing money instead of gaining it. -
Mar 1, 1397
Medici Bank (Patrons of the Arts) Citations
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Dec 28, 1397
Harpischord (Daily Life/Culture of the Renaissance)
The harpsichord was thought to have been invented in 1397. Some people say that it looked like a piano, but the earliest harpsichord looked like a guitar. A person strummed on the harpsichord to make music. The first harpischord was very little compared to most instruments. As the instrument evolved, it started to look more like a piano because it had keys that people could push down on to make music. It was a form of fun during the Renaissance. -
Dec 28, 1397
Harpischord (Daily Life/Culture of the Renaissance)
https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-the-harpsichord-2700986
Audrey Guyer - Life During the Renaissance.pptx -
May 4, 1400
"The Canterbury Tales" (Literary Works)
Geoffrey Chaucer composed "The Canterbury Tales" in 1400. This book is full of fables by travelers about their journey to Canterbury, England to visit St. Thomas Beckett's burial sight. St. Thomas Beckett was Canterbury's archibishop. King Henry II's people killed St. Thomas Beckett, in order to allow King Henry II to gain more control.
Citations:
http://csis.pace.edu/grendel/prjs3e/INDEX.html
Audrey Guyer - Artistic Movements of the Renaissance -
Mar 12, 1405
"The Book of the City of Ladies" (Literary Works)
Christine de Pizan wrote "The Book of the City of Ladies" in 1405. This book talks a woman's academic rights during the Renaissance. During this time, women were given less chances to learn than men. As a result, men gained more knowledge and experience than women.
Citations:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Book-of-the-City-of-Ladies
Audrey Guyer - Artist Movements of the Renaissance -
Dec 7, 1410
Oil Paints (Inventions)
Oil paints were created by Jan van Eyck in 1410. They were used to make many essential pieces of Renaissance art. Oil paints came in many vibrant colors. These colors made many pieces of art more eye-appealing.
Citations:
https://www.smore.com/p5su2-oil-paints -
Apr 13, 1415
Saint George (Renaissance Art/Artists)
The people that made knight's protection gear and weapons requested that Donatello make a sculpture of Saint George. Saint George was a supporter of the creators of gear and weaponry during the Renaissance. Donatello made his figure out of marble because bronze was too expensive. He built this sculpture in Florence, Italy in 1415. During the Renaissance, Florence was being invaded by many surrounding cities. As a result, the figure of Saint George stood bold and proud in Florence. -
Apr 13, 1415
Saint George (Renaissance Art/Artists) Citations
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Jul 18, 1428
Old Sancristy (Patrons of the Arts)
The Old Sacristy was built by Brunelleschi in Florence, Italy in 1428. This Sacristy is much older than the San Lorenzo Basilica. As a result, it is a separate building near the Basilica. It did not take very long to build due to the fact that Giovanni di Bicci de Medici gave Brunelleschi a lot of money to make it. Today it serves as the Medici family's cemetery.
Citations:
https://www.thousandwonders.net/Basilica+of+San+Lorenzo
http://www.sgira.org/hm/brun5.htm -
May 10, 1490
Madonna With Child (Renaissance Art/Artists)
Leonardo Da Vinci created this picture of Jesus Christ and his mother, Mary in 1490. Being a parent was thought to be the most significant blessing in a person's life because of this painting. The formation of the human world is shown through the mountains in this painting. It is also known as "The Madonna Litta" because it was given to a wealthy family called the Littas. Da Vinci was inspired by the thought of bringing peace through religion to the Renaissance Era when he created this. -
May 10, 1490
Madonna With Child (Renaissance Art/Artists) Citations
Audrey Guyer - Art Performance Task Research Essay -
Aug 3, 1492
Trade (Daily Life/Culture of the Renaissance)
On August 3, 1492, Christopher Columbus left Palos to help the people of the Renaissance look for trade. Columbus traveled in the wrong direction and discovered America. But when he got to America, Columbus thought that he had arrived in Asia. The people of Europe did not know that Columbus had discovered different territory until many years after he had returned.
Citations:
http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/columbus.htm
http://www.learner.org/interactives/renaissance/exploration_sub.html -
Period: Jan 1, 1500 to
Simony (The Catholic Church: Pre-Reformation)
Simony was very popular among the people of Europe. It allowed inexperienced people to be in charge of the Church. From 1500-1599, this practice began to diminish. This made it hard for people to find jobs in the Church.
Citations:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/simony
Audrey Guyer - Martin Luther and Reformation.ppt -
Period: Feb 2, 1500 to
Selling Indulgences (The Catholic Church - Pre-Reformation)
Indulgences helped people get to Heaven faster. They prevented people from getting in trouble if the people did something bad. As indulgences became more popular, deceased people could get out of Purgatory if one of their family members bought an indulgence for them. Although they had become more popular, indulgences became a very big problem between the people of the Renaissance including Martin Luther and the leaders of the Congregation. -
Period: Feb 2, 1500 to
Selling Indulgences (The Catholic Church: Pre-Reformation) Citations
http://courses.wcupa.edu/jones/his101/web/37luther.htm
Audrey Guyer - Martin Luther and Reformation.ppt -
Jan 15, 1510
Pocket Watch (Inventions)
Peter Henlein designed the pocket watch in 1510. The Renaissance pocket watch was very large and was used to keep track of what time it was. It was thought to be a social emblem during the Renaissance. The pocket watch has decreased in size and demand over time.
Citations:
https://www.smore.com/ygspd -
Oct 14, 1512
The Creation (Renaissance Art/Artists)
Michelangelo made a picture of Adam and God for the Sistine Chapel in 1512. In this picture God is surrounded by people, including Jesus Christ and his mother Mary. Adam and God look a lot alike, this is because humans were created by God and represented what He wanted them to look like. When God and Adam touch each other's finger tips, it symbolizes the existence of humans. This painting was created when the Church was very significant during the Renaissance. -
Oct 14, 1512
The Creation (Renaissance Art/Artists) Citations
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Oct 31, 1517
Ninety-Five Theses (Martin Luther & the Protestant Reformation)
Martin Luther composed and put his "Ninety-Five Theses" on Schlosskirche's door, a church in Wittenburg, on October 31, 1517. The Ninety-Five Theses were thought to be the Protestant Reformation's onset. Martin only gave them to Brandeburg's bishop and Mainz's archibishop. But, his supporters shared them with other people across Germany. Luther shared his beliefs about the selling of indulgences through these theses.
Citations:
https://www.britannica.com/event/Ninety-five-Theses -
Jan 3, 1521
Luther's Excommunication (Martin Luther & the Protestant Reformation)
Martin Luther was asked to take back what he wrote in some of his theses. He traveled to Worms, Germany and visited the rulers of the Catholic Congregation. When he was in Worms, Luther did not take back anything that he wrote in his "Ninety-Five Theses". As a result, he was kicked out of the Church and was no longer allowed to preach for the Catholic Church.
Citation:
https://blog.oup.com/2012/01/luther/
Audrey Guyer - Martin Luther and Reformation.ppt -
Apr 24, 1534
Luther translates the Bible to German (Martin Luther & the Protestant Reformation)
Luther finished his translation of the Bible in 1534. He composed the first half of it while he was in jail at the castle of Wartburg. One of his supporters named Phillip Melancthon helped him edit the first half of the Bible. Then a group of his followers helped him transcribe the second half of the Bible into German. This translation allowed more people to study and comprehend the Bible during the Renaissance. -
Apr 24, 1534
Luther translates the Bible to German (Martin Luther & the Protestant Reformation) Citations
https://www.christian-history.org/martin-luther-bible.html
Audrey Guyer - Martin Luther and Reformation.ppt -
Sep 12, 1543
Heliocentric Solar System (Scientific Discoveries)
Nicolaus Copernicus invented the Heliocentric Solar System in 1543. According to the Heliocentric Solar System, the Sun is the heart of the universe. This means that Earth and the other planets rotate about the Sun. Most people during the Renaissance believed that the Earth was the center of the universe. A few years after Nicolaus Copernicus passed away, people began to trust his theory that the Sun is the heart of the universe.
Citations:
https://www.smore.com/ra4zs-heliocentric-solar-system -
Feb 22, 1550
Italian Double or Doppio (Daily Life/Culture of the Renaissance)
The Italian Double was founded in 1550. It was a dance that people did for fun during the Renaissance. In order to do this dance, Renaissance men and women would stride one foot in front of them and the other would follow. Once they had done this, they would push off of the ground with their feet and dance on their tiptoes.
Citations:
https://katherine.paradise.gen.nz/node/478
Audrey Guyer - Life During the Renaissance.pptx -
Nov 18, 1555
Violin (Inventions)
Andrea Amati invented his first violin in his hometown, Cremona, Italy in 1555. The first violin was a three-stringed instrument with a long handle called a neck. Animal intestines were used to make the string of the first violin. The violin was used to provide music and entertainment during the Renaissance.
Citation:
https://www.smore.com/s9byh-violin -
Aug 4, 1568
The Beggars (Renaissance Art/Artists)
Pieter Bruegel created "The Beggars" in 1568. While its real name is "The Beggars", some peole call it "The Cripples". It is a piece of art that pictures a group of disabled people. Each one of these people has a covering on their head. These coverings represent the various types of people that lived during the Renaissance including the rich and poor. There are fields in the background of this piece of art that represent the poor and working people of the Renaissance. -
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The Motion of Pendulums (Scientific Discoveries)
In 1583, Galileo discovered how long it took a pendulum to swing from left to right one time. Music helped him make this discovery. Galileo then decided to try and figure out if the time stayed the same each time it swung from side to side. In order to do so, he performed an experiment and it was very successful. Other scientists benefited from this during the Renaissance because it allowed them to figure out which way the hands on a clock moved and how long it took for them to move. -
The Motion of Pendulums (Scientific Discoveries) Citations
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Saturn Has Rings (Scientific Discoveries)
In 1610, Galileo found out that Saturn had rings. But, he did not know that the rings were actually rings. Instead, he thought they were Saturn's moons. Saturn was a very important planet during the Renaissance. It stood for the elderly and gave people righteousness.
Citations:
https://attic.gsfc.nasa.gov/huygensgcms/Shistory.htm
http://www.shrivinayakaastrology.com/Planets/roleofsaturn.html -
Girl with a Pearl Earring (Renaissance Art/Artists)
Johannes Vermeer made "Girl with the Pearl Earring" in 1665. No one knows for sure who the girl in the picture is, but it is thought to be the servent of Vermeer. A friend of Vermeer's named Pieter van Ruijen asked him to make this painting. The girl in this piece of art is not focusing on anyone or anything in particular. This aspect of the painting stands for the people that did not know what was going on around them during the Renaissance. The pearls symbolize how amazing the world truly is. -
Girl with a Pearl Earring (Renaissance Art/Artists) Citations
