Renaissance and Reformation

Invention of the eyeglasses(inventions 2)

1269

Salvino D'Armati is one of many people given credit for the intervening the eyeglasses. His invention was shared to someone else and then was made public. These glasses did not have arms like the ones today so they had to be physically held up to your face.

Hurdy Gurdy(Daily Life/culture 3)

1300

The Hurdy Gurdy is a stringed instrument. The produce sound, a hand crank had to be turned which caused a wheel to hit the strings. It functions very similar to a violin.

Indulgances (pre reformation 2)

1300

Their were problems with the Catholic Church. One of them being corruption. The church was selling indulgences only to raise money. By buying indulgences, you would not go to hell and you would not go to purgatory.

Trade(Life style/culture 1)

Period: 1300 to 1600

Trade during the Renaissance was important. People traded goods for other goods. People in the Renaissance started using coins to buy things which made a money economy. With a money economy, Bankers, merchants, and craftspeople became more important.

Education (Daily Life/ culture 2)

Period: 1300 to 1500

Education in Renaissance focused students on reading, writing and math. Topics were mainly surrounding by religion. Only the Upper middle class boys could attend and sometimes a talented poor boy. Boys were often sent to small schools with other boys in the same social class unless the had a tutor.

Papal Schism(pre reformation 1)

1301

The king tried the tax the french clergy which resulted the pope threatening to excommunicate him so he was arrested and later released. Pope Clement V moved the headquarters of the Church from Rome to Avignon which was in southern France. It began to make people think that the French were controlling the Church.

Giovanni founding first bank(patrons of the arts 2)

1379

The Medici Bank was a financial institution founded by Giovanni. It became the largest and very well respected bank in Europe. The family became so successful and were believed to be the wealthiest family in Europe at one point.

Printing press(inventions 3)

1440

Johannes Gutenberg is given credit for the invention of the printing press. The printing press aloud to print literature in a fast and efficient way.

Lorenzo Medici birth(patron of the arts 1)

1449

Lorenzo de' Medici was an Italian statesman. He was the ruler of the Florentine Republic and thought to be the most powerful and enthusiastic patron.

Scientific method(sci discoveries 3)

1473

The scientific method consisted of systematic observation, measurement, and experimental testing. The method was given credit to Francis Bacon in the 17th century. It started in 1417 and was tremendously improved into the 17th century.

Martin Luther birth(ML and Prod. reform. 1)

1483

Martin Luther is born in Germany and lived in the city of Wittenburg. Later in his life, he vowed to become a monk after surviving a violent storm. He also became the founder of Lutheranism.

Last supper(art/artist 1)

1495

The Last Supper is a painting created by Leonardo da Vinci. It is one of his most famous artworks. It shows a dramatic scene described in several closely connected moments in the Gospel.

Simony(pre reformation 3)

1500

Simony was the act of selling church offices and roles. The name was taken from Simon Magus who attempted to buy the power of conferring the holy spirit.

Marriage of the virgin(arts/artist 2)

1508

Marriage of the Virgin is a painting painted by Raphael. He painted it from inspiration from another painting that he had seen. The painting depicts a marriage ceremony between Marry and Joseph.

The Portrait of a Man with a Quilted Sleeve(arts/arts 4)

1510

This portrait was painted by Titian. It was created in circa 1510 during the renaissance movement. The subject is an unknown man with a blue quilted sleeve. Although the subject is unknown, there are many theories on who it could be. The most likely candidate is Gerolamo Barbarigo.

Heliocentric theory(Sci discovery 1)

1511

The Heliocentric theory shows that the Earth revolves around the Sun. Helio means 'sun' and centric means 'in the center'. Different parts of this theory had been developed by astronomers, Aristarchus, Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo.

Painting of the Sistine Chapel(arts, artist 5)

1512

The Painting of the Sistine Chapel was a painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. It was Painted by Michelangelo at the commission of Pope Julius II. The Painting depicted many nude people even though the Pope didn't want any nude people on it.

Utopia (literary works 3)

1516

Utopia was Written by Thomas More.It was publish in 1516 in Latin. The book is about a fictional island and numerous social, religious and political customs are practiced in it.

95 Theses published(literary works 1)

1517

The 95 theses is a literary work by Martin Luther. The 95 Thesis listed all the problems of the catholic church that he had such as their ideas and practices. Martin Luther nailed his work to the Church of Wittenburg. By doing so he gained followers and this had started the Protestant Reformation.

Protestant Reformation(ML and Prot. reform. 3)

Period: 1517 to 1648

The Protestant Reformation was a major 16th century movement. It focused on reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Political rulers wanted to extend their power and control use expenses of the church.

Luther Bible (literary works 2)

1522

The Luther Bible is a German translation from Hebrew and ancient Greek by Martin Luther. This was the first full translation of the Bible to German.

Portrait of Henry VIII(Arts/ artist 3)

1536

This portrait depicts Henry VIII. It was painted by Hans Holbein the Younger. His original work was lost due to a fire in 1698 though it is still well known through many copies of it.

Lutheranism (Martin Luther & the Protestant Reformation 2)

1600

Lutheranism is a branch of western Christianity. It identifies the teaching of Martin Luther. Lutheranism divided themselves from the Catholic Church.

Adding Machine(inventions 1)

1642

The adding machine is a mathematical tool that supported addition and multiplication. Blaise Pascal was the inventor of this tool. It was created in 1642. It was designed to help his father count taxes and was called the pascaline.

Newtons law of gravity(Sci disc 2)

1687

Newtons law of gravity states that every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.