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Jan 1, 1500
English Reformation .
Change from Catholicism to Protestantism/Church of England. -
Jan 1, 1517
Martin Luther
Driving force behind Protestant Reformation. Luther disliked many teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church so he started the reform to change the flaws of catholicism -
Jan 1, 1534
Church of England
Was official church of England and was a break from Catholicism. Many thought that didn't incorporate enough of other religions to be religiously different. -
Mar 31, 1540
Jesuits
a missionary group created due to the Counter reformation in the Catholic church, who saw themselves as soldiers of God. -
Jan 1, 1582
Congregational Church
a sort of theocracy where only church members could participate in government. -
John Winthrop
As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world. -
Separatists
The Separatists were English Protestants who would not accept allegiance in any form to the Church of England. One Separatist group, the Pilgrims, founded Plymouth Plantation and went on to found other settlements in Rhode Island and elsewhere in New England. Other notable separatist groups included the Quakers and Baptists. -
Quakers
also known as society of friends. rejected predestination and orginal sin, believed that all could achieve salvation, women alos held positions in the church -
Non Separatists
Nonseparatist Puritans agreed with Separatists on the necessity of restricting church membership to proven saints. However, they did not condemn the Church of England -
Roger Williams
Founded Rhode Island. Complete Separatist, wanted a colony free from all and any persecution -
puritians
believed the Anglican Church retained too many Catholic ideas and sought to purify the Church of England. The Puritans were strong in New England and very intolerant of other religious groups -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Created by Puritans that wanted to make a model society focused on their religion teachings and no one else's. -
Anne Hutchinson
Leader who challenged traditional role of women and clergy. Thought clergy had to have a converting experience. -
William Penn
Quaker who created Pennsylvania, founded on Quaker beliefs -
Salem Witch trials
series of witchcraft trials launched after a group of young girls in Salem, Massachusetts Twenty individuals were put to death before the trials were put to an end by the Governor of Massachusetts. showed the strict puritan ways -
George Whitfield
Credited with starting the Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New -
old lights
old lights were simply orthodox members of the clergy who believed that the new ways of revivals and emotional preaching were unnecessary -
new lights
new lights were the more modern-thinking members of the clergy who strongly believed in the Great Awakening -
first great awakening
The movement arose in reaction to the rise of skepticism and the waning of religious faith brought about by the Enlightenment. Protestant ministers held revivals throughout the English colonies in America, stressing the need for individuals to repent and urging a personal understanding of truth -
Sinners in the hands of an Angry God
Jonathan Edwards talked in this piece about "sins and the torments of hell" during the great awakening -
shakers
The name was based on their ecstatic dances that were a part of their worship. they believed that God had a male and female component. they believed that their founder Ann Lee was the female component. Although The Shakers maintained a strong division between sexes, they also maintained equality between men and women. -
first ammendment
The First Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, ensuring that there is no prohibition on the free exercise of religion -
millenialism
The belief held by some Christians that there will be a Golden Age for 1000 years prior to the final judgement -
Ralph Waldo Emerson
led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society -
Joseph Smith
an American religious leader and founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement. -
American Colonization Society
believed that slavery was a sin and tried to abolish slavery in the united states, and free blacks back to Africa. -
Second Great Awakening
religious revivals that stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans. It also had an effect on moral movements such as prison reform, the temperance movement, and moral reasoning against slavery. -
Transcendentalism
A philosophy preached by Ralph Waldo Emerson, in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches. Promoted individualism, self-reliance, and freedom from social constraints, and emphasized emotions. -
Mormonism
Church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah, religious group that emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking; moved from IL to UT -
The Book Of Mormon
Found by Joseph Smith around 1820,Translated into English, links the native Indians to the lost tribes of Israel and predicts the Second Coming of Christ. -
southern baptists
used Christianity to justify and defend slavery during the civil war period -
Utopian Communities
hopes for social perfection - utopia - were widespread among evangelical Christians as well as secular humanists. These hopes found expression in various utopian communities and spiritual movements. -
Brigham Young
The successor to the Mormons after the death of Joseph Smith. He was responsible for the survival of the sect and its establishment in Utah -
The third great awakening
a period of religious activism in American history from the late 1850s to the 1900s. It affected pietistic Protestant denominations and had a strong sense of social activism. Many people wanted to reform society during the gilden age -
Gospel of Wealth
Andrew Carnegie's belief that the wealthy must serve as trustees for their wealth and the public good -
Social Darwinism
ideals to promote white civilization and Christianity around the world through imperialism -
Salvation army
offered materials and spiritual services to the urban poor. -
Ku Klux Klan
The KKK has a record of terrorism,violence, and lynching to intimidate, murder, and oppress African Americans, Jews and other minorities and to intimidate and oppose Roman Catholics and labor unions. -
Women’s Christian Temperance Movement:
Worked for legislation to moderate the use of intoxicating drink despite their inability to vote. Linked drinking to poverty, adultery, social crime and domestic violence. -
Dawes Severalty Act
dismantled American Indian tribes, set up individuals as family heads with 160 acres, tried to make rugged individualists out of the Indians, attempt to assimilate the Indian population into that of the American -
Anti-Saloon League
the leading organization lobbying for prohibition in the United States in the early 20th century. -
social gospel movement
a Protestant movement that applied Christian ethics to social problems, especially issues of social justice such as economic inequality, poverty, alcoholism, crime, racial tensions, slums, unclean environment, child labor, inadequate labor unions, poor schools, and the danger of war -
fundamentalism
literal interpretation of the Bible -
modernism
belief in Christianity and acceptance of science -
Eighteenth Amendment
prohibition on alcohol, enforced in rural areas, ignored in urban areas, led to rise of organized crime -
KKK revivial
emerged as an organization that specifically defended state prohibition in Georgia, anti-black, anti-catholic, anti-adultery, anti-birth control, etc. -
Scopes trial
a highly publicized trial where John Thomas Scopes violated a Tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school. Scopes was prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan and defended by Clarence Darrow; Scopes was convicted but the verdict was later. Displayed the fundamentalism prevalent in rural areas at the time -
Church revivial
Many people started to go to church more because it wasn't just a sermon, now it was social interaction -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
use of churches to spread the word of the Civil Rights Movement as a righteous cause -
Civil Rights Act
This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places.