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1181
St. Francis of Assisi
here is a short video about him: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5d8FOYZQ4c -
Period: 1181 to 1226
St. Francis of Assisi
St. Francis of Assisi was born in 1181 , lived in Assisi, Italy. He renounced wealth, embracing a life of poverty and founded the Franciscan Order. Known for his love for nature, he preached to animals and composed the Canticle of the Sun. St. Francis died in 1226 and was canonized in 1228. His legacy endures as a symbol of humility, compassion, and environmental stewardship. -
1330
John Wycliffe
Here is a short video about John Wycliffe: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SXWPd36M9g -
Period: 1330 to 1384
John Wycliffe
John Wycliffe was an English theologian and early reformer. He emphasized the authority of the Bible, advocated for its translation into the vernacular, and opposed certain teachings of the medieval Church. Wycliffe's ideas sparked conflicts with the church authorities, and his followers, the Lollards, influenced the later Protestant Reformation. -
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Period: 1372 to 1415
Jan Hus
Jan Hus was a Czech priest influenced by Wycliffe, criticized the Catholic Church's corruption and advocated for vernacular Bible translation. Summoned to the Council of Constance in 1415, he was declared a heretic, leading to his execution by burning. His death fueled the Hussite Wars and left a lasting impact on the pre-Reformation movement. -
Period: 1468 to 1549
Pope Paul III:
Pope Paul III, born Alessandro Farnese (1468–1549), led the Catholic Church from 1534 to 1549. During the Counter-Reformation, he convened the Council of Trent for church reform, initiated the Roman Inquisition, and approved the Jesuit order. His papacy focused on addressing challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation. -
Period: 1483 to 1546
Martin Luther
Martin Luther was born in 1483, he was a German monk, sparked the Protestant Reformation in 1517 with his Ninety-Five Theses. He emphasized faith-based salvation, rejected indulgences, and translated the Bible into German. Excommunicated in 1521, Luther's teachings shaped Lutheranism and the broader Protestant movement. He died in 1546. -
Period: 1489 to 1525
Thomas müntzler
Thomas Müntzer was a radical German Anabaptist leader during the Peasants' War. He advocated for social and religious reform, rejecting traditional church structures. He was captured and executed in 1525, Müntzer left a mark on the early Reformation with his radical views. -
1490
Thomas müntzer
Here is a video about Thomas Müntzer and his movement Anabaptism: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4kJvRyl_uVk -
Period: 1491 to 1556
Ignatius of Loyola
Ignatius of Loyola was a Spanish Basque priest and theologian who co-founded the Jesuits, in 1540. He underwent a spiritual transformation after being wounded in abattle. Ignatius wrote the Spiritual Exercises, a guide to deepening one's faith, and became the first Superior General of the Jesuits. The order played a significant role in the Counter-Reformation, focusing on education, missionary work, and loyalty to the Pope. Ignatius of Loyola was canonized as a saint in 1622. -
Period: 1509 to 1564
John Calvin
John Calvin was a French theologian and a key figure in the Protestant Reformation. His "Institutes of the Christian Religion" outlined his beliefs, emphasizing predestination and the authority of Scripture. Calvin played a major role in the Reformation in Geneva, and his teachings, known as Calvinism, had a significant impact on Protestant theology. -
1517
Martin Luther sends his theses
Martin Luther likely posted his Ninety-Five in 1517.He didn't post them on the door of a church, he actually send them to the pope, it's a common misbelief. The theses criticized the sale of indulgences, questioning the Pope's authority in granting forgiveness for sins. Luther's critique spread through word of mouth and printed pamphlets, playing a key role in sparking the Protestant Reformation. Here is a funny video about it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FhGGjRjvq7w -
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1536
John Calvin: Institutes of the Christian Religion
John Calvin published the first edition of his seminal work, "Institutes of the Christian Religion,".
Here is a video about who he was: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pmMmvKPY7k4 -
1540
Ignatius of Loyola
The foundation of the jesuits.
here is a video about his life: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zo6Y2zEzVRU
