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The "Ugly" Laws
US cities enacted the "Unsightly Beggar's" Ordinance. Meant to enhance communities, Chicago Alderman J.Peevey worked to "Rid the city of 'all street obstructions," focusing on individuals who were "diseased, maimed, mutilated or in any way deformed, so as to be an unsightly or disgusting object," from being in "the public view." Said individuals were either institutionalized, or fined anywhere from $1-$50. The ordinance wasn't repealed by City Council until 1974. (Greiwe, 2016) -
Separated
"Feeble-Minded" or "Morally Defective" individuals institutionalized in special schools, hospitals, and care homes. (Brignell, 2014) -
Brown Vs Board of Ed.
Outlawed the segregation of students based on the fact that it violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Ammendment, and that separate institutions were not equal. Brown Vs. Board of Ed was a landmark case that initiated the path towards the civil rights movement, and the rights for all individuals, regardless of race, gender, or ability. -
Captioned Films Acts of 1958 (PL 85-905)
Provided training provisions for teachers of students with mental retardation. (Despot. Of Ed. 2007) -
The Training of Professional Personnel Act of 1959
(PL 86-158)
The act helped to train educational leaders to educate children with mental retardation. (US Dept. Ed, 2007) -
Association of Children with Learning Disabilties is Born
Parents of Disabled children and professionals from various dicsiplines convened on April 6, 1963. The "framework for legislation, theories, diagnostic procedures, educational practices, research and training models" (LDA, History) lead to the birth of the National Organization, ACLD, which soon after lead legislation to specifically include individuals with disabilities. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (PL 89-10) and the State Schools Act (PL 89-313)
Provided states with direct grant assistance to help educate children with disabilities.
(Dept. of Ed. 2007) -
The Government Provides more Resources and Support
By 1968, the Federal government had supported: Training for more than 30,000 special education teachers and related specialists;
Captioned films viewed by more than 3 million persons who were deaf; and
Education for children with disabilities in preschools and in elementary, secondary, and state-operated schools across the country. "Dept. of Ed., 2007) -
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States held responsible for educating children with disabilities
Two very historical cases landed the responsibility of educationg children with disabiltires on the shoulders of states and localities. (Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens v. Commonwealth (1971) and Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia (1972)) This right was written as a clause to the 14th amendment of the US constitution. -
The Economic Opportunities Amendments of 1972 (PL 92-424)
Authorized support for, respectively, exemplary early childhood programs and increased Head Start enrollment for young children with disabilities. (Dept. of Ed, 2007) -
FAPE for all
Public Law 94-142 guarunteed education rights and protections to children and parents of children of disabilties with a standard of assessment, identification, services and parent participation. -
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Evolution of IDEA
As officials recognized inequities against various age, race and groups of individuals, the law was amended to include cnsiderations of such groups. Ranging from the identification of students ages 3-21, to transition programs to ensure access to "Quality of Life", the government enacted laws to ensure that all individuals had access to the promised free and appropriate education through the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. -
ADA of 1990
The US Government enacted the American's with Disabilities Act, prohibiting the discrimination of and guaranteeing that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else to participate in the mainstream of life.
