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Redlining First Appeared in the U.S.
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Shelley vs. Kraemer
Supreme Court decides restrictive covenants are not unconstitutional, but that the state enforcing them violates 14th amendment rights. The FHA blatantly challenges this decision and does not comply until 1950 -
The Senate adopted the Housing Act in 1949
"The Housing Act permitted local authorities to continue to design separate public housing projects for blacks and whites or to segregate blacks and whites within projects." - Color of Law pg. 31 -
1952 FHA vs. NAACP
FHA proceeded to build more projects for whites only despite of already compromising with the NAACP to stop. NAACP took this to court in which the Judge ruled that the projects for whites only violated the 14th Amendment. -
Brown v. The Board of Education
The Supreme Court states that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional. “White flight” to the suburbs and enrolling in whites only “segregation academies” work against integration efforts. -
Mayers vs. Jones
The U.S. Supreme Court held for the first time that Congress can use its enforcement power under the Thirteenth Amendment, which abolished slavery, to prohibit private racial discrimination in the sale of property. -
The Fair Housing Act
The Fair Housing Act was enacted that prohibits the discrimination of sale, rental, and loaning based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin. -
US Commission on Civil Rights
Reports that “the housing industry, aided and abetted by Government, must bear the primary responsibility for the legacy of segregated housing…Government and private industry came together to create a system of residential segregation.”- Color of Law -
Marshall Family of 1985
The Marshall family’s home is firebombed when they move in. The county police officer was a KKK member and testified the actions of he and 20 other KKK members in the department were condoned by their superior officers. -
Dodd-Frank
Bans certain predatory lending practices, acknowledging two decades of racially discriminatory subprime lending (in Buffalo, NY ¾ of all refinanced loans to African Americans were subprime).