-
Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Primitive Times
1a,1b,1c,1d,1e -
3985 BCE
1e
Average lifespan was 20 years -
3750 BCE
1c
Herbs and plants used as medicines , and some are still used today -
3580 BCE
1a.
believed that illness and disease were caused by supernatural spirits and demons -
3175 BCE
1b
Tribal with doctors treated illness with ceremonies to drive out evil spirits -
3055 BCE
1d
trepanation or trephining(bore a hole in the skull) was used to treat insanity and epilepsy -
Period: 3000 BCE to 300 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
2a,2b,2c,2d,2e -
2595 BCE
2c
Imhotep (2635-2595 BC) may have been the first physician -
1876 BCE
2a
Earliest people known to maintain accurate health records -
Period: 1700 BCE to 220
Ancient Chinese
3a,3b,3c,3d,3e -
1598 BCE
2d
believed the body was a system of channels for air, tears, blood, urine, sperm, and feces -
Period: 1200 BCE to 200 BCE
Ancient Greeks
4a,4b,4c,4d,4e -
1095 BCE
4d
believed illness is a result of natural causes -
985 BCE
2e
if channels became "clogged", bloodletting or leeches were used to "open" them -
985 BCE
4e
Stressed diet and cleanliness as ways to prevent disease -
908 BCE
3d
recorded a pharmacopeia of medications based mainly on the use of herbs -
894 BCE
4a
began modern medical science by observing the human body and effects of disease -
876 BCE
3a
religious prohibitions against dissection resulted in inadequate knowledge of body structure -
Period: 753 BCE to 410
Ancient Romans
5a,5b,5c,5d,5e -
600 BCE
5a
First to organize medical care by providing care for injured soldiers -
486 BCE
5b
early hospitals developed when physicians cared for ill people in rooms in their homes -
460 BCE
4b
Hippocrates (460-377 BC) called the Father of Medicine:
developed an organized method to observe the human body
recorded signs and symptoms of many diseases
created a high standard of ethics, the Oath of Hippocrates, used by physicians -
457 BCE
3c
believed in the need to treat the whole body by curing the spirit and nourishing the body -
400 BCE
2b
Called upon the gods to heal them when disease occurred -
387 BCE
3b
carefully monitored the pulse to determine the condition of the body -
384 BCE
4c
Aristotle (384-322 bc) dissected animals and is called the founder of comparative anatomy -
121 BCE
5e
average lifespan was 25-35 years -
160
3e
Began the search for medical reasons for illness -
200
5c
later hospitals were religious and charitable institutions housed in monasteries and convents -
254
5d
diet, exercise, and medications were used to treat disease -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark Ages
6a,6b,6c,6d,6e -
445
6d
medications were mainly herbal mixtures -
495
6a
emphasis was placed on saving the soul and the study of medicine was prohibited -
653
6e
Average lifespan was 20 to30 years -
674
6b
prayer and divine intervention were used to treat illness and disease -
756
6c
monks and priests provided custodial care for sick people -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Ages
7a,7b,7c,7d,7e -
895
7a
Renewed interest in the medical practice of greeks and romans -
985
7b
physicians began to obtain knowledge at medical universities in the 9th century -
1067
7c
A pandemic (worldwide epidemic) of the bubonic plague(black death) killed three-quarters of the population of europe and asia -
1134
7d
Arab physicians used their knowledge of chemistry to advance pharmacology -
Period: 1300 to
Renaissance
8a,8b,8c,8d,8e -
1354
7e
Average lifespan was 20-35 years -
1465
8a
Rebirth of science of medicine -
1498
8d
First book on dietetics written by Isaac Judaeus -
Period: 1500 to
16th and 17th centuries
9a,9b,9c,9d,9e -
1564
8c
First anatomy book was published by Andreas Vesalius(1514-1564) -
1567
9a
causes of disease were still not known and many people died from infections and puerperal (child birth) fever -
Period: to
18th century
10a,10b,10c,10d,10e -
9b
William Harvey (1578-1657) described the circulation of blood to and from the heart in 1628 -
9e
average lifespan was 35 to 45 years -
10e
James Lind prescribed lime juice containing vitamin C to prevent scurvy in 1795 -
8b
Dissection of the body began to allow a better understanding of anatomy and physiology -
9c
First successful blood transfusion on animals performed in England in 1667 -
10d
Dr. Jessee Bennet performed the first successful Cesarean section operation to deliver an infant in 1794 -
9d
Apothecaries (early pharmacists) made, prescribed, and sold medications -
8e
average lifespan was 30 to 40 years -
Period: to
19th century
11a,11b,11c,11d,11e -
10c
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) invented bifocals for glasses -
11a
Royal College of surgeons (medical school) founded in london in 1800 -
10a
Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686-1736) created the first mercury thermometer in 1714 -
11b
French barbers acted as surgeons by extracting teeth, using leeches for treatment, and giving enemas -
10b
Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) discovered the element oxygen in 1774 -
Period: to
20th century
12a,12b,12c,12d,12e -
11d
First federal vaccination legislation enacted in 1813 -
11c
Dr. Philippe Pinel (1755-1826) began humane treatment for mental illness -
11e
Francis Clarke and M.G. Foster patented the first electrical hearing aid in 1880 -
12a
Walter Reed demonstrated that mosquitoes carry yellow fever in 1900 -
12b
Carl Landsteiner classified the ABO blood groups in 1901 -
12c
female army nurse corps established as a permanent organization in 1901 -
12d
the first kidney dialysis machine was developed in 1944 -
12e
Sir Alexander Fleming (1881-1965) discovered penicillin -
13a
Adult stem cells were used in the treatment of disease early in the 2000's -
Period: to
21st Century
13a,13b,13c,13d,13e -
13b
the human genome project to identify all of the approximately 20,000 to 25,000 genes in human DNA was completed in 2003 -
13c
The Medicare prescription drug improvement and modernization act was passed in 2003 -
13d
the first inhalable insulin product, Exubera, was approved by the FDA in 2006 -
13e
The FDA approved the use of the AbioCor totally implantable artificial heart in 2006
