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Roanoke
Roanoke is a city in North Carolina where John White and a group of colonists settled in 1585. 1 year later when he came back, the colony was deserted. Then in 1587 it was officially founded. At that time the Hatteras Indians inhabited the land. There is some evidence that the colonists had at least interacted with the Hatteras including some artifacts and objects that belonged to the Hatteras.https://www.britannica.com/story/the-lost-colony-of-roanoke -
Jamestown
Jamestown was first settled by the Virginia Company of London in 1607. Jamestown was located along the Virginia coast, but the winters were very harsh and only 38 of the first 150 settlers survived it. Eventually John Smith became their leader. Then in 1612, John Rolfe and his wife Pocahontas experimented with tobacco and it soon became a large cash crop and export. And in 1619 the first slaves were brought to Jamestown. Notes -
New York
Henry Hudson and the Dutch were the first to explore and found New York in 1614. It was originally named the "New Netherlands." Their first governor was British Colonel Richard Nicolis. Later on the Duke of York who became King merged New York and New England. This caused an uprising with the the people and soon New York returned to an independent colony. https://www.historycentral.com/TheColonies/NY1.html -
House of Burgesses
The House of Burgesses was an assembly of Virginia which the first elective governing body of the British. It was first established by Governor George Yeardly in Jamestown, Virginia in July 1619. All members were appointed by the colonial proprietor along with 2 elected delegates from each colony's settlement. In 1643, Governor Sir William Berkley split the House as a separate chamber of the bicameral assembly. https://www.britannica.com/topic/House-of-Burgesses -
Mayflower Compact and Plymouth
The Mayflower was a ship that the Pilgrims sailed on and landed at Cape Cod. Here they settled, creating the Plymouth Colony. The pilgrims then created the Mayflower Compact, which was established for the colony’s government. This was the very first self government plan to ever come about in the colonies. Later they had led Squanto who was an English speaking native who showed them how to survive. In 1621 they created their first harvest amd became known as the modern day thanksgiving. Notes -
The Great Migration
The Great Migration was a movement of Puritans from England to New England, the Chesapeake and or the West Indies. they left because of religious prosecution as well as economics. At the time there were 2 different types of Puritans- Separatists and Non-Separatists. the sepratists wanted to remain in the church and the Non-separatists felt as if the church was very corrupt. -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
The Massachusetts Bay Colony was first established in 1630, which was settled Puritans. They had settled in Virginia because they wanted to create another church that was free from any royal control. About 1,000 Puritans were led by Governor John Winthrop. By 1640 a group of 20,000 English settlers had joined the Puritans. It soon became the largest and most influential colony of New England. Then in the 1680's, the king got control of the colony and soon became a royal colony. notes -
Maryland
Maryland was established as as a colony in 1632 by Lord Baltimore. He was a Catholic who had convinced King Charles I to give them a 100 million acres land grant so that the persecuted Catholics could settle. It was considered a proprietary southern colony. Once Baltimore died, his son took over since he wasn’t able to do anything with the land before he died. So his son offered 100 acres to each married couple of the Catholics who had settled there. Notes -
Rhode Island
Rhode Island was established in 1635 by Roger Williams and his men. Williams was originally banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony because he spoke against the government officials for punishing religious dissenters. He founded this colony so that there would be no religious persecution for Christians. This colony placed the seeds for diversity and religious freedom for America. Notes -
Connecticut
The colony Connecticut was founded in 1636 by Thomas Hooker. He had 100 settlers and 130 cattle to lead. This colony was also known as the River colony mainly populated by Puritan noblemen. The Dutch ad the English were both trying to gain control of the land but eventually the English won. Later, the English were involved in The Pequot War with the Native Americans. https://thehistoryjunkie.com/connecticut-colony-facts/ -
Maryland Toleration Act
The Maryland Toleration Act was an “Act concerning religion,” and it was to ensure the freedom of religion for the Christians created in 1649. This was made long before the first amendment came into play. This act made it illegal to to curse God, the Virgin Mary or the Trinity. It also barred the referring to another’s religion in a belittling way, which honored the Sabbath. https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/868/maryland-toleration-act-of-1649 -
Carolinas
Carolina was settled by King Charles’ II supporters in 1663 as a southern colony. Charles had given 8 of his supported land grants in the Carolinas, which gave them very easy access to the trade from the Indies. They settled here because they wanted to grow cash crops such as tobacco and rice. Then by 1720 Carolina had outnumbered the Europeans who had settled there. In 1729, it was declared a royal colony and Carolina split into North and South Carolina. Notes -
Bacon's Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon created a militia of previously indentured servants, slaves and farmers to get revenge on the Native Americans for their attacks on the Virginia frontier. Him and his men burned and destroyed Jamestown, which William Berkeley is governor, and Bacon had a personal vendetta against him. Some believe that Bacon had ulterior motives for the rebellion. But the rebellion ended after Bacon died and his men were publicly hung. This was the first rebellion against royal control. Notes -
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania was first discovered by William Penn in 1681. King Charles II had granted him a charter to establish the colony. Penn declared that it was a “Holy Experiment” which he described as a place with no aristocracy and every male would get 50 acres of land and was given the right to vote. Sometime earlier in the 1660’s Penn had became a Quaker, so he created the colony as a safe haven for the Quakers. Notes -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem Witch Trials began in Salem, Massachusetts in spring of 1692. It was the accusations of demon or devil possessed women, which turned into hysteria and soon spread throughout Massachusetts. To determine who was guilty, a special court assembled and heard these "cases." The first to be convicted was Bridget Bishop, and was hung in June. By that September, the trials had turned the opinion of the public against the trials. https://www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/salem-witch-trials -
The Great Awakening and Enlightenment
The Great Awakening was a religious revival primarily among the English. The Enlightenment was also known as the first Great Awakening which took place in the early 1700’s. This was a philosophical movement made by the Europeans. During these, religion was becoming more and more formal and less personal which led to decrease in church. It didn’t help much that the 13 colonies were religiously divided. https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.history.com/.amp/topics/british-history/great-awakening -
Albany Plan
The Albany Plan of Union was first created by Benjamin Franklin, to create a laxed confederation, governed by a president general and limited power to impose taxes. Although it was approved by the delegates, none of the assemblies had approved the plan. It eventually proved to a farsighted document and later adopted the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. -
French and Indian War
The French and Indian War occurred in 1756 and lasted until 1763. this was also known as the Seven Years' War. It was the struggle between Britain and the French when France expanded into the Ohio River, and built Fort Duquesne. Throughout 1754 and 1755 the French had a long string of victories, but in 1756 the British declared war formally. The war finally ended by the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763. https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/french-and-indian-war -
Proclamation of 1763
The Proclamation of 1763 was a proclamation signed by the British crown in the end of the French and Indian War, and it’s sole purpose was to mainly reconcile with the Native Americans by checking up on the trespassing colonists that were on their lands. It also gave and organized new territories for the British to control in America.The proclamation also prohibited the settlement of Indian territories. https://www.britannica.com/event/Proclamation-of-1763 -
Salutary Neglect
Salutary Neglect was a British policy which was in regards to the North American colonies trade regulations. Which happened to be very laxed and not much enforced and the supervision of their internal affairs would stay loose if they remained loyal to the British government. This neglect coerced the independence of legislative and legal institutions, which paved the way for North America’s independence. https://www.britannica.com/topic/salutary-neglect
