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Jan 1, 1510
Biological Exchange begins in the Americas
When Christopher Columbus had reached the Americas he had begun to spread European Diseases unknowingly to the Natives. This would decimate the entire population making it easier to conquer and enslave them. -
Jan 1, 1522
Cortes Conquers Mexico
Cortes had successfully defeated the Aztecs, and taken all of Mexico for Spain. Allowing them to tap into the vast silver and gold mines of the Americas. -
Jan 1, 1536
Pizarro Conquers Peru
The conquering of Peru had opened an entirely new amount of silver and gold to Spain. Opening the Spanish vicerotality of Peru and, the most productive silver mine in the the new world, potosi. -
Apr 3, 1559
Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis
Treaty officially ending the Habsburg-valois war, with a Spanish victory. This treaty forced France to recognize the claims and territories of the Habsburg empire, and built up a French distaste towards the Habsburg that would play a part in the 30 years war. -
Jan 1, 1560
Hight of the Witch Hunt Begins
The witch hunts of Europe began in a time of uncertainty about ones own faith and safety, as the 30 Years War made many people question what faith they should worship. The Witch-hunts were primarily an act by the uneducated to remove social outcasts from their town or village by force. -
Jan 1, 1568
Netherland's Civil War Starts
Calvinsit movement at first that was displeased by how the Chuch was acting and preforming. The Netherlands revolted against Spain and their neglectful policies. -
Aug 23, 1572
Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre
A massacre in which Catholics organized by Catherine D'Medici aimed to strike fear into and kill the Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny. Overall the massacre was a success for the Catholics, but it quickly spawned many Huguenot revolts across France starting a civil war based on religious ideals. -
Jan 1, 1578
Netherlands Civil War Ends
The Netherlands were split into two halves, the northern half being the United Provinces and the southern being the Spanish Netherlands. Under the agreement the United Provinces were recognized and allowed freedom. -
Mary, Queen of Scots' Attempt to Assassinate Elizabeth Fails
Mary's plan to kill Elizabeth, and put her Catholic cousin on the Throne had failed, as her plan was discovered before she was able to execute it. Its effect though had spread fear of Catholics and protestants in England and some other countries, as it appeared that Catholics were now playing a new game of war. -
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
The English defeat of the Spanish Armada left Spain crippled and weak compared to France and England. Without a fully functioning navy, Spain could not reclaim the United Provinces and felt a demoralizing victory. -
Defenestration of Prague
An event in which two Catholic messengers, sent by Ferdinand of Styria, were almost killed by protestants after being thrown out a window for shutting down several protestant churches. Spawning a civil war, this act created conflict in Bohemia attracting the attention of other nations. -
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30 Years War
A conflict within the Germanic States and Holy Roman Empire that was over the peace of Augsburg, and religious freedom (at least at the start). -
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Bohemian Phase
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Battle of White Mountain
Battle in which the Bohemian protestant leader Frederick lost to Ferdinand II. Led to Ferdinand being crowned the Holy Roman Emperor and converted all of Bohemia to Catholicism. -
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Danish Phase
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Edict of Restitution
A law where all Catholic churches lost to Protestants were to be transfered to their previous states, and limiting religious practice to Lutherans and Catholics in the Germanic States. Strictly enforced by Walenstein, the law had emplanted the fear of the loss of Protestantism in middle Europe. -
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Swedish Phase
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Treaty of Bärwalde
Treaty, headed by Richlieu, that was between Fance and Sweeden; stated that Sweden would be paid a large sum of money if they keep a standing army to fight the Hapsburg and wait for Frances approval to negotiate a treaty. The international phase was mainly headed by France bringing in other empires like Sweden and other German Princes, so that the Hapsburg would suffer a major defeat after the Hapsburg-Valois War. -
Swedish Victory at Breitenfeld
The enterance of the Swedes into the 30 Years War, though a major victory against the Hapsburg empire using better muskets. Mainly funded by France, the Swedes were able to use their monetary advantage against the Hapsburg forces, turning the tide. -
Battle of Lutzen
Final battle of Gustavus Adolphus, in which he died afterwards of a fatal wound. Bringing in France and starting the international phase, and ending Sweden’s future military power. -
France Declares War on Spain
France, under Cardinal Richelieu, vows further support to Sweden and the Germanic princes fighting the Hapsburg and Holy Roman Empire. A year later France would declare war on the HRE and extended the war up to ten more years. -
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French Phase
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Ferdinand III Becomes Emperor of the HRE
Ferdinand II's death led to his weaker willed son coming into power. In this position he sought to end the war with negotiations, as compared to his aggressive father. -
Louis XIII Dies
The death of Louis XIII leads to his son Louis XIV being crowned, at age five, and left France in the hands of Richlieu. Leading to the development of Louis XIV as an induvidual. -
Peace of Westphalia
A collection of treaties ending the 30 Years War, that allowed all German Princes to practice Calvinism, Lutheranism and Catholicism in their kingdoms. It also ended much of the Habsburg empire's claim and drastically reduced the Holy Roman Empire.
