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Period: to
Public Health Time Period
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First Outbreak of Cholera
History of Cholera Outbreak
1831-2. A severe outbreak of cholera affects many British towns and cities and prompts investigation on the part of the medical community. 32,000 victims in total. -
Report to the Leeds Board of Health
Dr. Robert Baker submits his Report to the Leeds Board of Health outlining his investigation into the cholera outbreak in Leeds. -
Release of Punch Magazine
The periodical Punch is launched, a British weekly magazine of humour and satire established in 1841 by Henry Mayhew and engraver Ebenezer Landells. -
Chadwick's Report
Edwin Chadwick publishes his Report into the Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Population of Great Britain. -
Health of Towns Association
The Health of Towns Association is established to put pressure on the government to bring about sanitary reform. -
Royal Commission into the Sanitary Condition of Large Towns and Populus District
Triggered by Chadwick's report, 1842. Appraisal of sanitary conditions in britain. Minor legislation designed to hold situation until Public Health Act could be prepared. -
Liverpool Sanitary Act
Made a health authority, empowered to appoint medical officer of health (who was a doctor). Council powers to carry out sewage, drainage & water supply improvement -
Town Improvement Clauses Act
Defined the right to towns to lay water supplies and drainage scehems. Allowed them to control nuisances. -
Public Health Act
The Public Health Act is passed by Robert Peel's government, establishing a Central Board of Health as well as corporate boroughs with responsibility for drainage and water supply to different areas. -
Second Outbreak of Cholera
1848-9. Britain suffers another outbreak of cholera. 10,000 people die in three months in London alone. 62,000 victims in total -
Metropolitan Sanitary Associaion
The Metropolitan Sanitary Association is established to campaign for adequate public health provision for London (not covered by the Public Health Act of 1848). -
1st Edition: On the Mode of Communication of Cholera
John Snow publishes On the Mode of Communication of Cholera. A second edition is published in 1854, this time including findings from the case of the Broad Street pump. -
Morning Chronicle Letters
The Morning Chronicle begins a series of letters and articles looking at the issue of sanitary reform. These are published daily until the end of 1850. -
MSA First Report
The Metropolitan Sanitary Association publishes its first report. -
Dickens Publishes: Household Words
Charles Dickens begins to publish his journal Household Words. -
Third Outbreak of Cholera
1853-4. Third outbreak of cholera. 20,000 victims in total. -
Second Edition: On the Mode of Communication of Cholera
The outbreak of cholera documented by John Snow in the second edition of On the Mode of Communication of Cholera began a year before. -
Nuisances Removal Act
Enabled justices to prosecuted nuisances in petty session courts. -
Local Government Act
A revised Public Health Act is passed, abolishing the Central Board of Health and creating local boards responsible for preventative action and reform. -
Opening of London Sewers
Designed by Sir Joseph Bazalgette. 83 miles of pipes, discharging more than 400 million gallons a day into the River Thames. The system was opened by Edward, Prince of Wales in 1865, although the whole project was not actually completed for another ten years. -
Fourth Outbreak of Cholera
1866-7. Fourth Outbreak of Cholera. 14,000 deaths in total. -
Sanitary Act
Parliament passes the Sanitary Act making local authorities responsible for the removal of 'nuisances' to public health and for the removal or improvement of slum dwellings. -
Public Health Act
Consolidation of previous 30 laws. Every part of the country has public health authorities. They each have a medical officer and one sanitary inspector to ensure laws on food adulteration, water supplies and cleansing are upheld. Local poweres are able to lay sewers, drains and build reservoirs.
