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600 BCE
studying human behavior
In the fifth and sixth centuries B.C. the Greeks began to study human behavior -
1500
Realization of observation
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17-century philosophers popularized the idea of dualism
The concept that the mind and body are separate and distinct. -
Philosopher Rene disagrees
The French philosopher Rene Descartes disagreed with the dualism theory. instead proposing that a link existed between mind and body -
Behavioral Psychology
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) charted another new course for psychological investigation -
William James (Functionalism)
William is often called the "father of psychology" in the U.S. He wrote the first text book of psychology,The Principles Of Psychology(1890). -
Wilhelm Wundt (Structuralism)
Wilhelm started his laboratory of psychology in Leipzig, Germany. -
Sir Francis Galton ( Inheritable Traits)
Galton was a nineteenth-century English mathematician and scientist who wanted to understand how heredity influences a person's ability's , character , and behavior. -
Biological Psychology
This view point emphasizes the impact of biology on our behavior. Psychobiologists study how the brain, the nervous system,hormones, and genetics influence our behavior. -
Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1939)
Mary was a female pioneer in psychology who contributed greatly to the field despite numerous obstacles. -
Gestalt Psychology
A group of German Psychologists, including Max Wertheimer(1880-1943), Wolfgang Kohler(1887-1967), and Kurt Koffka(1886-1941), disagreed with the principles of structuralism and behaviorism. -
John B.Watson (1878-1958) And B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
Watson formulated a position for psychologists who stressed investigating observable behavior now known as behaviorists. While it was Watson who defined and solidified the behaviorist position, twas B.F. Skinner who introduced the concept of reinforcment. -
Psychoanalytic Psychology
Sigmund Freud(1856-1939), was a physician who was more interested in the unconscious than the conscious mind. -
Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive Psychology has benefited from the contribution of people such as Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, and Leon Festinger. -
Humanistic Psychology
Humanistic Psychology developed as a reaction to behavioral psychology. Humanists such as Abraham Maslow,Carl Rogers, And Rollo May described human nature as evolving and self-directed. -
Sociocultural Psychology
The newest approach to psychology involves studying the influence of culture and ethnic similarities and differences on behavior and social functioning.
