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1400
Humanism
Humanism emphasized the importance of human beings, their capacities, and achievements. It advocated for education that focused on classical art, literature, and scientific inquiry, encouraging individuals to explore their potential and embrace human accomplishments. This was a cause because this encouraged critical thinking and valuing human accomplishments. This is social because this started questioning old ideas and teaching humans -
1450
Printing Press
The printing press was an invention that made it easier to produce and share books and ideas during the Reformation. It caused changes and the effect of the demand for better ways to copy texts. This invention had political effects because it spread new ideas and info about politics. Socially, it was a big deal because it let more people read and learn things. And economically, it changed how things were made and sold, affecting businesses and trade. -
1478
The Inquisition
The Inquisition was a strong group in the Catholic Church that worked to find and punish people who didn't follow the Church's beliefs, spreading across Europe and the Americas. This was a cause because it aimed to fight against heresy. It was political because it was used to uphold religious unity and authority. As well as social because it aimed to regulate and control beliefs within society. -
1483
Martin Luther
Martin Luther, a German theologian, kickstarted the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. This is a cause because he questioned the Church's teachings with his 95 Theses, causing significant changes. Socially, Luther urged people to read the Bible themselves instead of relying solely on the Church's authority. -
1487
Henry VIII
Henry VIII, the King of England from 1509 until 1547, gained fame through his six marriages. His significant role in the Reformation involved his political decision to replace the Pope as the Head of the Church in England. So this is a cause because he created a profound division between Catholics and Protestants. Politically, led to the separation of the Church of England from the authority of the Pope. -
1509
John Calvin
John Calvin, a French theologian,pastor, and reformer, played a significant role in the Protestant Reformation in Geneva. His teachings, known as Calvinism, greatly influenced the development of Protestantism so this is effect. He had a social impact due to his teachings of Calvinism -
1517
95 Theses
Martin Luther's 95 Theses, posted on the Catholic church in Wittenberg, presented Luther's viewpoints on Christian teachings. This would be effect because the creation of the 95 Theses were a result of Luther's perspectives on the church. This is social, political, and economic because this challenged the authority of the church. Luther also advocated that people can communicate with God directly without needing the church. As well as the selling of indulgences in exchange for forgiveness. -
1517
Indulgences
Indulgences were like tickets you bought to be forgiven for your sins and go to heaven. This was an effect because it resulted in people buying these tickets which made them popular. Money was involved in getting these tickets, making it economic. As well as social because this affected people's belief that they would be forgiven for there sins in exchange for money. -
Period: 1517 to
Protestant Reformation
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1520
Pope Leo X
Pope Leo X served as the leader of the Catholic Church and governed the Papal States during the Reformation period. He notably permitted the sale of indulgences, a practice that sparked Martin Luther's initiation of the Reformation so this was an effect. This would be economic due to the sale of indulgences that made the church money. As well as social because this affected people's belief. -
1521
Diet of Worm
The Diet of Worms was a meeting in Germany where leaders discussed what to do about Martin Luther's ideas both political and religious. This is effect because this occurred as a result of Martin Luther's beliefs. This is considered Political because it dealt with the problems caused by what Luther did and said. -
1533
Elizabeth l
Elizabeth l was the reigning monarch of England from Ireland from November 17, 1558, until she passed away in 1603. This would be effect because she had an impact by making crucial decisions regarding religion and attempting to resolve conflicts between Catholics and Protestants. This would be Political because she was involved in politics by making crucial decisions and because she really shaped politics during her time. -
1540
Jesuits
The Jesuits were a Catholic group of men established by St. Ignatius of Loyola. They helped with Catholic education and missionary work. This is a cause because they were formed to deal with the problems that came up because of the Protestant Reformation. This is also political because they supported the Catholic Church against changes happened during the Protestant Reformation. -
1545
Council of Trent
The Council of Trent was the official response from the Roman Catholic Church addressing the doctrinal challenges posed by the Protestant Reformation. This would be effect because they responded to the Protestant Reformation, Clarified doctrines, and addressed abuses within the church. It's also a cause because it dealt with problems inside the church and reacted to the changes brought by the Protestant Reformation. -
1555
Peace of Augsburg
The Peace of Augsburg was an agreement in 1555 that aimed to solve religious conflicts resulting from Martin Luther's 95 Theses. This would be effect because of the religious conflicts this happened. It's also political because it was a legal and political way to deal with the religious arguments. -
1572
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre involved deliberate assassinations and widespread violent actions by Catholic mobs targeting the Huguenots in the midst of the French Wars of Religion. This would be effect because this resulted in religious tensions. As well as being political because of the power struggles between catholic and protestant groups. -
Edict of Nantes
The Edict of Nantes, established by Henry IV when he became king of France, stopped the French Wars of religion by allowing Protestants to practice freely. This is effect because this decision was a response to the religious wars In France and also political because the king dealt with these conflicts through political choices.