Protestant Reformation Timeline

indulgences

1095

tickets sold to people that pardon you from your sins and give you entry to heaven. indulgences are effect, because it resulted in people buying those indulgences. Indulgences are economic because the sale of indulgences required money.

humanism

1400

the idea that the individual should think for him or herself in matters of faith, and the idea that the Bible should be produced in the languages of the people. this was a cause because it encouraged thinking and valuing of human accomplishments. this is social because it started questioning of older ideas and human teachings.

printing press

1436

a machine that prints text or images, esp. to produce books, magazines, and newspapers. Both cause and effect because the invention triggered great changes and effect because of the demand for better methods of reproducing texts. politically it spread ideas and info influencing politics. socially it gave access to knowledge allowing people to read and learn info. Economically it changed the way info was produced and delivered affecting industries and trade.

Pope Leo X

Dec 11, 1475

Pope Leo X was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States. sales of indulgences which the effect of that was Martin Luther to starting the reformation. economic due to the sales of indulgences.

The Inquisition

1478

a powerful office set up within the Catholic Church to root out and punish heresy throughout Europe and the Americas. it's cause, because it aimed to combat heresy. it was political because it was used to maintain religious unity and authority. and social because because it was to help keep control of the beliefs in the society.

Martin Luther

1483

Martin Luther, German theologian and religious reformer who initiated the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century. cause, because Luther challenged the teachings of the church through the 95 theses which caused many things to happen. socially he encouraged other to read the bible on their own and not to listen to the church.

Henry VIII

Jun 28, 1491

Henry VIII was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages. During the Reformation, the King replaced the Pope as the Head of the Church in England, causing a bitter divide between Catholics and Protestants. politically he separated the church of England from the authority of the pope.

John Calvin

Jul 10, 1509

John Calvin was a French theologian, pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation. effect, because of calvinism his christian teaching influenced development of Protestant. he had a social impact due to calvinism.

95 theses

1517

95 statements published in a document in Wittenberg, Germany in 1517. Written by Martin Luther, the 95 Theses detailed Luther's opinions about the teachings of the Christian Scripture. it would be effect because the 95 theses was the effect of Luther's views on the church. it would be political, social, and economic because challenged authority of the church, luther said people could talk to god without needing the church, the selling of indulgences

Diet of Worm

Jan 28, 1521

an imperial assembly of the Holy Roman Empire. It was convened to determine how authorities (both political and religious) should respond to Martin Luther's teachings. The diet was held in Worms, Germany. effect because it was the effect of martin Luther's beliefs. It was political because it was to address the challenges made by Luther.

Elizabeth I

1533

Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. she had an effect by making important decisions about religion. she tried to help solve the issues between catholics and protestants. she would be politics because she had a big role in shaping politics in her time.

Jesuits

Sep 27, 1540

a Roman Catholic order of religious men founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola. cause, because they were created to take action against the challenges made by the protestant reformation. politics, they supported the catholic church efforts during the protestant reformation

council of trent

Dec 13, 1545

the formal Roman Catholic reply to the doctrinal challenges of the Protestant Reformation. effect because responded to protestant reformation, clarified doctrine, addressed abuses in the church. and cause because it addressed internal issues in the church. Political because it responded to challenges posed by protestant reformation.

Peace of Augsburg

Sep 25, 1555

religious resolution to a conflict in 1517 by Martin luther's 95 theses, it would be effect because it's the effect of religious conflicts. It's political because it was a legal/political arrangement to address the religious conflict.

St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre

Aug 23, 1572

was a targeted group of assassinations and a wave of Catholic mob violence directed against the Huguenots during the French Wars of Religion. It was effect, resulting from religious tensions. political because of power struggles between catholic and protestant factions.

Edict of Nantes

Apr 13, 1598

he Edict of Nantes, issued under Henry of Navarre after he ascended to the French throne as Henry IV, effectively ended the French Wars of Religion by granting official tolerance to Protestantism. Effect because it was a response to the wars of religion in France. politicals because it involves decisions made by the king to handle religious conflicts.