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Jacob Riis photography.
Riis used his photography to expose conditions in tenements. -
Period: to
The Progressive Era
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Homestead Stirke
Iron and steel workers struck the Carnegie Steel Company in Homestead, Pennsylvania, to protest a wage cut. -
Anti Saloon League was formed
The Anti Saloon League was for prohibition during the temperance movement. -
U.S. v. E.C. Knight and Co
The American Sugar Refining Company acquired the E.C. Knight
Company, creating a 98% monopoly of the American sugar refining industry. The U.S. government sued the E.C. Knight Company, arguing that this monopoly violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. The Supreme Court ruled the manufacturing of sugar could not be regulated by Congress because it was a local activity. -
John Dewey opened a progressive school
Dewey was dissatisfied with the school systems so he created the original University Elementary School. -
Erdman Act
A United States federal law pertaining to railroad labor disputes. The law provided for arbitration for disputes between the interstate railroads and their workers organized into unions. -
The National Consumers' League was formed
The National Consumers League (NCL) was founded in New York City by two well-known Progressive Era civic activists, Jane Addams and Josephine Lowell. Its purpose was to champion the rights of workers and to advocate for safe consumer products. -
Theodore Roosevelt became president
President Theodore Roosevelt was a leader of the Progressive movement, and he championed his "Square Deal" domestic policies, promising the average citizen fairness, breaking of trusts, regulation of railroads, and pure food and drugs. -
Anthracite Coal Strike
The Coal strike of 1902 was a strike by the United Mine Workers of America in the anthracite coalfields of eastern Pennsylvania. Miners striked for higher wages, shorter workdays, and the recognition of their union. The strike threatened to shut down the winter fuel supply to major American cities. The strike resulted in a victory for the hard-coal miners with a 10% increase in wages and an hours reduction in their working day. -
IdaTarbell published "The History of the Standard Oil Company"
The book is an exposé about the Standard Oil Company, run at the time by oil tycoon John D. Rockefeller, the richest figure in American history. Tarbell's study of Standard Oil excoriated Rockefeller and his company and helped spur new legislation and litigation to regulate interstate commerce and counter monopoly. In 1911, the United States Supreme Court broke up the Standard Oil Trust into more than thirty different independent companies. -
The National Child Labor Committee was established
A private, non-profit organization in the United States that served as a leading proponent for the national child labor reform movement. Its mission was to promote "the rights, awareness, dignity, well-being and education of children and youth as they relate to work and working." -
Upton Sinclair published "The Jungle"
Upton Sinclair wrote "The Jungle" to expose the appalling working conditions in the meat-packing industry. His description of diseased, rotten, and contaminated meat shocked the public and led to new federal food safety laws. -
Pure Food and Drug Act was passed
The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 prohibited the sale of misbranded or adulterated food and drugs in interstate commerce. Also, the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 was the first of a series of significant consumer protection laws which was enacted by Congress in the 20th century and led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration. -
John Spargo published "The Bitter Cry of the Children"
The Bitter Cry of Children is a book by a socialist writer John Spargo, a muckraker in the Progressive Period. Published in 1906, it is an exposé of the horrific working conditions of child laborers. -
Muller V. Oregon
was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court. Women were provided by state mandate lesser work-hours than allotted to men. The posed question was whether women's liberty to negotiate a contract with an employer should be equal to a man's. -
Payne-Aldrich Tariff is passed
Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act, law passed by the U.S. Congress in 1909 in response to a call from Republican Pres. William Howard Taft for lower tariffs. Taft signed the bill into law and later praised it as “the best tariff bill the Republican Party ever passed.” It lowered rates on 650 items, raised rates on 220, and made no change on 1,150. It also included a corporate tax and provided for a commission to study rates and recommend changes. -
Mann-Elkins Act is passed
The law, along with the Hepburn act of 1906, greatly strengthened the responsibilities, and authority, of the Interstate Commerce Commission to include the regulation of telephone, telegraph, and cable companies as well as railroad companies. The Mann Elkins Act, along with the Hepburn Act, gave the Interstate Commerce commission the authority to control interstate rail rates and practices. -
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, on March 25, 1911, was the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city, and one of the deadliest in U.S. history. Many women died due to fire escapes and all doors being locked. The business owners were trying to make sure women did not leave while doing work which resulted in many deaths of the factory workers. -
Bull Moose Party
The Progressive Party was a third party in the United States formed in 1912 by former president Theodore Roosevelt after he lost the presidential nomination of the Republican Party to his former protégé and conservative rival, incumbent president William Howard Taft. -
16th and 17th amendment ratified
The 16th Amendment allows for the collection on income taxes for all citizens by the federal government. The 17th Amendment states that the Senators must be elected by majority vote. They were the Progressive Amendments -
Clayton Antitrust Act is passed
Aside from banning the practices of price discrimination and anti-competitive mergers, the new law also declared strikes, boycotts, and labor unions legal under federal law