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Period: to
Bismarckian system of foreign policy
Otto von Bismarck's plan of avoiding dangerous diplomatic alignments, and as a means of preserving the advantageoius 'status quo', sought to avoid tensions between Russia and Austria-Hungary, ensure that France could not organise a diplomatic alliance so that they would be isolated -
Austria-Hungary formed
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Alsace-Lorraine
1870-71; France lost the Franco-Prussian War and had to give up Alsace-Lorraine -
The Dual Alliance
Between Germany and Austria-Hungary; aid one another, particularly if they were attacked by Russia or if Russia helped someone else to attack them -
German/French relations late 1800s
between 1871 and 1894; Germany had isolated France, but French diplomacy at the turn of the century allowed France to align with Russia and Britain -
Period: to
Otto von Bismarck's time in office as German Chancellor
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Period: to
Benjamin Disraeli - Prime Minister of Great Britain
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Triple Alliance
Between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy; to keep Italy and Austria-Hungary from fighting each other; Germany will help Italy if Italy is attacked by France; Italy will help Germany and Austria-Hungary if they are attacked by France; if any of these three nations go to war with two other countries, the other countries will help -
Reinsurance Treaty
Between Russia and Germany; keep Germany from having a two-front war; if Germany fights with France, Russia would be neutral -
a trois in a Europe of five powers
Bismarck's assumption was that there were five major European powers (Germany, Russia, France, Austria-Hungary, and Britain) and that Germany's security would be guaranteed if it maintained an alliance with two of them. An alliance with three of them would be stronger than the strongest coalition that could be organized against it -
French imperialism
France and Britain were arguing over land in Africa, which France wouldn't give up -
European industrial production
fed by raw matereals, angered countires such as Germany and Austria-Hungary -
Weltpolitik
the foreign policy adopted by Germany at the end of the 19th century by which she sought to assert her influence around the globe -
Franco-Russian Alliance
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White dominions
the counrties of Canada, Australia, and New Zealand were automatically committed to war should the UK declare war on another country -
Entente Cordiale
Between Great Britain and France; settled colonial disputes between Britain and France in Africa; Britain gave no binding military action; Britain came out of her "splendid isolation" -
The Triple Entent
Agreement between Great Britain, France, and Russia; renewal of Entente Cordiale; settling colonial differences, specifically in Tibet, Afghanistan, and Japan; Britain gave no binding military action -
Russian protections of Slavic nationals
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Balkan League
Consisted of Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Montenegro; created to free themselves from the influence of Turkey -
Balkan crisis
1912-13; Serbia emerged with power enhanced; foreshadowed ethe events of 1914 -
Period: to
First Balkan War
Between the Balkan League and Turkey; went to war because the Ottoman Empire wanted to be free from Turkey's rule -
2nd Balkan War
Greece and Serbia against Bulgaria -
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
killed by a Serbian from the radical group "Black Hand" -
delivery of Serbia's ultimatum
framed in such extreme terms that it was alomst impossible for Serbia to accept -
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
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Germany demands that Russia suspend their mobilization of troops
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Germany declares war on Russia
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Germany demands from France a formal edeclaration of neutrality
involved surrendering the border fortresses of Toul and Verdun -
Germany declares war on France
because France did not agree to neutrality -
Germany invades Belgium to get to France
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Great Britain declares war on Germany
because of their pact with Belgium, which Germany had invaded the day before