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G.I. Bill
The G.I Bill of Rights or Servicemen Readjustment Act of 1944 provided for college education for returning WW2 veterans as well as one year of unemployment compensation. It also provided loans for returning veterans to buy homes and start businesses. -
Iron Curtain
This movement divided Europe between two separate areas from the end of the WW 2 in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. It also symbolized the efforts that the Soviet men did to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the West and non-Soviet-controlled areas. -
Truman Doctrine
When President Truman established that the U.S would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces. The doctrine effectively reoriented U.S foreign policy, away from its usual stance of withdrawal from regional conflict not directly involving the U.S to one of possible intervention in far away conflicts. -
Period: to
Cold War (65)
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Berlin Airlift
At the end of WW2, U.S, British, and Soviet military forces divided and occupied Germany. They also divided into occupation zones, Berlin was located far inside Soviet-controlled eastern Germany. The U.S., U.K., and France controlled western portions of the city, while Soviet troops controlled the eastern sector. Crisis where the Soviets blockaded, rails, road, and any water access to allied-controlled areas of Berlin. So the plane was flying to drop down supplies to West Berlin nearly everyday. -
Fair Deal
Truman made the deal called the Fair Deal and it recommended that all Americans should have health insurance, that the minimum wage be increased, and that, by law, all Americans be guaranteed equal rights. -
TV Shows
WWII showed TV’s introduction to the consumer market. By 1955 75% of American homes had a TV pictured black and white. People were entertained that way. Drive in theaters also became popular. -
Period: to
1950s (15)
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Beat Generation
Was started by a group of American writers who came to prominence in the 1950s, as well as the cultural phenomena that they wrote about. Central elements of Beat culture include a rejection of mainstream American values, experimentation with drugs and alternate forms of sexuality, and interest in Eastern spirituality. -
Television
Television was available since the 1920s but later on become more popular in the 1950s when television was black and white. It transmitted moving images in monochrome and in 2 or 3 dimensions and sound. It was a mass medium for people to get entertained, educated and send out important information. -
Elvis
Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is often addressed as the " King of Rock and Roll", or the " King". He was one of the white singers who took songs from black man and re sang them. For some reason they were more liked then the ones from the actual creators. -
Rock ‘n’ Roll
Rock and Roll is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the U.S.. While elements of rock and roll can be heard in blues records from the 1920's and in country records of the 1930's the genre didn't acquire its name until the 1950s. Also many black men sang songs and then those same songs where recreated by white man just because they didn't like the fact that black man created the song. -
Korean War
The Korean War began when North Korea invaded South Korea. The United Nations, with the U.S as the principal force, came to the aid and helped out South Korea which was in desperate need of support. On the other hand China came to the aid of North Korea, and the Soviet Union gave some necessary assistance. -
Dr. Jonas Salk
Jonas Edward Salk was an American medical researcher and virologist. He discovered and developed one of the first successful polio vaccines. He created this polio killing vaccine in 1951. -
Ike Turner
Black artist that was one of many American singers. He was part of the Rock and Roll stage of music and published "Rocket 88" which was later on stolen by a white man just because he didn't like the fact that a black man did this song. -
2nd Red Scare
This was mostly referring to the fear of communism that permeated Americans politics, culture, and society from the late 1940s through the 1950s, during the opening phases of the Cold War with the Soviet Union. This problem with the political repression lasted longer and was more pervasive than the Red Scare that followed the Bolshevik Revolution and WW1. -
Polio Vaccine
Polio is an infectious disease caused by a virus that lives in the throat and intestinal tract. Later on there was two vaccines created to protect people against polio one was the IPV and OPV. IPV is given as an injection in the leg or the arm depending on patients age. -
Period: to
Civil Right (59)
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Domino Theory
The domino theory, governed much of U.S. foreign policy, held that a communist victory in one nation would quickly lead to a chain reaction of communist takeovers in neighboring states. In Southeast Asia, the U.S. gov. used the domino theory to justify its support of a non-communist regime South Vietnam against the communist gov. of North Vietnam, and ultimately it increasing involvement in the long-running Vietnam War. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public school for black and white students. In the end this decision ended up overturning the Plessy v. Ferguson decision of 1896, and allowed segregation, it applied to public education. " Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" -
Little Richard
Richard Wayne Penniman other known as Little Richard, is an American musician, signer and songwriter. He was a big influential figure in popular music and culture for more than six decades. His most celebrated dates were in mid 1950s, when his dynamic music and charismatic showmanship laid the foundation for rock and roll -
Space Race
This refers to the competition between two Cold War rivals, The Soviet Union and the U.S., for supremacy in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following WW2, aided by captured Germans missile technology and personnel from Aggregal program. In the end U.S. ended up winning this race after safely landing a man in the moon. -
Emmett Till Tragedy
This kid was named Emmett Till and he is an African American child who was flirting with this white women in Money, Mississippi. four days after two white aggressors attacked Emmett and Murder him. This murder galvanized the emerging of Civil Right Movement. -
Vietnam War
Also known as the Second Indochina War, and known in Vietnam as Resistance War Against America or simply the American War. Oficially fought between North Vietnam and the gov. of South Vietnam.North Vietnam was supported by Soviet troops and China and other communist allies and the South Vietnamese army was supported by the U.S, and other anti-communist allies. North won the war. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery bus Boycott, started when a black women called Rosa Parks took a white laddies seat. she refused to move and got arrested and fined. The boycott of public buses by blacks in Montgomery began on the day of Parks' court hearing and lasted 381 days. Later on the only thing that the court could do was to order Montgomery to integrate its bus system. -
Little Rock 9
The little rock nine was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the little Rock Crisis, this event wouldn't allow African Americans to enroll the racially segregated school by Governor Faubus. They were later allowed to go in the school with protection by president Dwight D. Eisenhower -
The Civil Right Act of 1957
This Act was primarily made for a voting rights bill, and was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the U.S. Congress since the Civil Right Act of 1875. It was also a way to show support for the Supreme Court's Brown decision. -
Sputnik
Was the first artificial Earth satellite. Sputnik was launched by the Soviet Union into elliptical low Earth orbit. It was a 58 cm in diameter polished metal sphere, with four external radio antennas to broadcast radio pulses. All it this was make "beep beep" with a red flashy light not doing anything else. -
Period: to
1960s
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New Frontier
The term New Frontier was like a moto for president John F. Kennedy in his acceptance speech in the 1960 United State presidential election to the Democratic National Convention. It was going to be a democratic slogan that could inspire Americans to support him. The phrase developed into a label for his administration's domestic and foreign programs. -
Counter Culture
Refers to an anti-establishment cultural movement that developed firs in U.K. and the U.S and then spread throughout much of the Western world. The movement gained momentum as the American Civil Right Movement continued to grow. -
Hippies
Hippies are a counter culture that was based on the 1960s. The word hippie came from the word hipster, describing beatniks. These people are all about love and peace and usually don't seek for any use of violence or force. -
Anti-War Movement
This was a social movement, usually in opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict, unconditional of a maybe-existing cause. This term can also refer to pacifism, which is opposition to using aggression against the people. -
Peace Corps
The Peace Corps is a volunteer program run by the U.S. government. The stated mission is to provide technical assistance, help people outside the U.S. to comprehend American culture, and help Americans understand other cultures. -
Freedom Riders
A group of 13 African and white civil right activists launched the Freedom Rides, a series of bus trips through the American South to protest segregation in interstate bus terminals. The Freedom Riders, who were recruited by the Congress of Racial Equality, a U.S. civil right group, departed from Washington D.C., and attempted to intergrate facilities at bus terminals along the way into the deep south. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
Was also known as the Caribbean Crisis, or the Missile Scare, was a 13 day confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union concerning American ballistic missile deployment in Cuba. It was often considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full scale nuclear war. -
Assassination of JFK
JFK was assassinated at 12;30 p.m in Dallas, Tx while riding in a motorcade in Dealey Plaza. Kennedy took a fatal shot by a man called Oswald while JFK was riding with his wife and other people. The wife was really scared and had a lot of her husbands blood on her Kennedy's death marked the fourth and most recent assassination of an American president. After his dead Vice president Lyndon B. Johnson took charge of the presidency. -
Lee Harvey Oswald
Oswald was the man who killed JFK and was arrested for the murder of a police officer, who was killed on a Dallas street about 45 minutes after Kennedy was shot. He was later then charged for the assassination of Kennedy bu denied shooting anybody else. Two days later he was shot and killed by Jack Ruby. -
Great Society
The Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson. It was like something similar to the New Deal in resemblance and it's main purpose was to eliminate of poverty and racial injustice. -
Freedom Summer
Freedom Summer, or the Mississippi Summer Project, was a volunteer campaign in the U.S. launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African Americans voters as possible in Mississippi. Blacks had been cut off from voting since the turn of the century due to barriers to voter registration and other laws. -
The Civil Right Act of 1964
Was a landmark civil right and U.S. labor law in the U.S. hat outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Also Martin L. King was involved in this Act and he was one of the main reasons why it was started in the first place. -
Ascendancy of Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon B. Johnson had to star working as the president of the U.S. one year earlier then the elections following the assassination of JFK. Later when the selections came Johnson successfully won the election becoming the 45th president. -
The Black Panthers
It was a U.S. African American militant party, founded in Oakland, California. It was originally aiming at armed self-defense against police, the party grew to prevent the violent revolution as the only means of achieving black liberation. It was found by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. -
Jack Ruby
On November 24, 1963, Jack Ruby killed Oswald while the latter was in police custody after being charged with assassinating JFK two days earlier. Jack was found guilty and was sentenced to death. Ruby's conviction was appealed and was giving a second chance for a trial. However in January 3, 1967, as the date for his new trial was being set Ruby became ill in his prison cell and died of a pulmonary embolism from lung cancer. -
Death of MLK
He was assassinated by a single shot which struck his face and neck. He was standing on the balcony of Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, where he had come to lead a peaceful march in support of striking sanitation workers. After he died he caused a lot of panic to African Americans because the one who they saw as king was killed and their hopes had faded away. -
Period: to
1970s (31)
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Stagflation
Stagflation is when there is slow economic growth occurring simultaneously with high rates of inflation. So in the other words there was much more trouble in the society because there was bigger unemployment rates and more demands that didn't allowed to be any economic growth. -
New Right
New Right is used in several countries as a descriptive term for various policies that are right-wing. It has also been used to describe the emergence of Eastern European parties after the collapse of the Soviet Union ad systems using the Soviet-style communism -
Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment was a proposed amendment to the U.S Constitution designed to guarantee equal rights for all citizens regardless of gender and seeked to end the legal distinction between men and women in terms of divorce. Although this amendment was failed to be ratified. -
Heritage Foundation
Its a research and educational institution whose mission is to formulate and promote conservative public policies based on the principles of free enterprise, limited government, individual freedom, traditional American values, and a strong national defense. It is also based of 3 institutes that devoted to developing policies grounded in conservative principles that will strengthen our economy. -
OPEC
The Arab-dominated OPEC announced a decision to cut oil exports to the U.S. and other nations that provided military aid to Israel in the Yom Kippur War. The Opec exports would be reduced by a total of 5% every month until Israel evacuated the territories occupied in the Arab-Israeli war of 1967. Later on a full oil embargo was imposed against U.S and other countries, starting a serious crisis in oil. -
Nixon's Presidency
President Richard M. Nixon announced on the tv that he had intentions of being the first president to resign. With impeachment proceeding underway against him for his involvement in the Watergate affair, Nixon was bowing to pressure from the public and Congress to lave the White House. He said " By taking this action... I hope that i will have hastened the start of the process of healing which is so desperately needed in America". -
Beginnings of Personal Computer
Although the Apple or Microsoft computers weren't the first computers around they were early participants. Ed Robles was the creator of Altair 8800 the first computer that came around in 1971-1975. -
Panama Canal
President Jim Carter signed a treaty with Panama stating that Panama would have control over the Panama Canal in 2000. This meant that U.S would stop having the main control over this platform and would give it away.The treaties are named after the two man who signed it Jimmy Carter and General Omar Torrijos. -
Camp David Accords
Was a treaty signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on 17 September 1978, which lead to a twelve day of secret negotiations at Camp David. These two framework agreements were signed in front of the president of U.S Jimmy Carer. Also one of these two frameworks led to the 1979 Egypt-Israel Peace treaty. -
The Moral Majority
The Moral Majority was a prominent American political organization associated with the Christian right and Republican Party. It was founded in 1979 by baptist minister Jerry Falwell and associates, and dissolved in the 1980s. -
Period: to
1980s (21)
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Reaganomics
Reaganomics refers to the economic policies promoted by U.S. President Ronald Reagan during the 1980s. He announced it as something that would fix the nation's economic mess. He also said that it was going to be a tax program that would be "A second American Revolution for hope and opportunity". -
Discount Retailing
A discount store is a retail store which sells products at prices that are lower than the typical market value. A "full-line discount store" may offer a wide assortment of goods with a focus on price rather than service, and also discount store might of specialized in speciff merchandise such as jewelry and other equipment. -
Election of 1980
This was the U.S. presidential election of 1980 and was the 49th quadrennial president election. It was a fight between the democrat side which was including Jimmy Carter, and Walter Mondale and the republican side which included Ronald Reagan, and his mate Daddy Bush. -
A.I.D.S Crisis
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, that eventually began affecting many homosexuals. Later on it began to spread to heterosexual community thought blood transfusion -
Space Shuttle Program
Was officially called the Space Transportation System, the U.S. government's manned launched vehicle program from 1981 to 2011, administered by NASA and officially began in 1972. The system composed of an orbiter launched with two reusable solid rocket boosters and a disposable external fuel carrying up to eight astronauts and up to 50,000 lb. -
Sandra Day O'Connor
She was the first woman to serve as a Justice of the Supreme Court of the united States. She was nominated by president Ronald Reagan. -
Rap Music
The 1980s marked the main phase of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles. During the 1980s, the genre began to spread to music scenes in dozens of countries, many in which they mixed rap to there usual style of living. -
Reagan Doctrine
Was a strategy orchestrated and implemented by the U.S. under the Reagan Administration to overwhelm the global influence of the Soviets in an attempt to end the Cold War. The doctrine was the main attention of the U.d foreign policy. -
Iran Contra Affair
The Iran Contra Affair was a political scandal in the United States that occurred wile Reagan was still president, to be more exact it occurred in his second term. Senior administration officials secretly facilitated the sale of arms to Iran, which was the subject of an arms embargo. The U.S. hoped that by funding the Contras would make the negotiation of releasing U.S. hostages more easy tradeable. -
Challenger Explosion
In the tenth flight of Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart in 73 seconds after launch. This event killed all seven crew members that were in the space ship, which consisted of 5 NASA astronauts and two payload specialist. The space craft disintegrated over the Atlantic Ocean. The reason why the spacecraft blew up was because the O-ring on the right booster failed at liftoff. -
Period: to
1990s
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Persian Gulf War / 1st Iraq War
The Gulf War code named Operation Desert Shield for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait. -
Rodney King Incident
Rodney Glen King was a taxi driver and was beaten up by Los Angeles Police Department officers following a high speed car chase. A witness videotaped the incident from his balcony, and sent the footage to local news station. The footage showed 4 officers surrounding King, beating him up. -
Balkans crisis
Bosnian Muslims, Serbs, and Croats were killing each other by 10,000s, Clinton eventually was forced to intervene, US led NATO forces launched a massive aerial bombardment of Servia -
Technology
During this time period there was new cell phones being created some phones that look like black berries. Also the internet had a bigger expansion thanks to scientist Tim Berners-Lee who created the world wide web. This allowed there to be access to message people via emails. -
Election of 1992
This election consisted of three main candidates, being George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton and the independent businessman Ross Perot. In the end the winner was clear Bill Clinton -
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
The North American Free Trade Agreement was an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America. Meaning that North American would be more sociable with each other and would trade more then just items. -
"Don't ask, don't tell" policy
"Don't ask, don't tell" was the official United States policy on military service by gays, bisexuals, and lesbians, instituted by the Clinton Administration. This policy would keep everyone quite and would keep people from finding personal information from other members of the military. -
Welfare Reform
Federal government put cap on lifetime benefits for welfare recipients and stipulated job training and work requirements and ended up shifting some of the responsibilities to the state -
The Defense Of Marriage Act
The Defense Of Marriage Act other known as DOMA was a U.S. federal law, prior to being ruled unconstitutional, defined marriage for federal purposes as union of an and women, made many states not allow same sex marriages. -
Lewinsky affair
Was an American sex scandal that involved President Bill Clinton and a 22 year-old woman called Monica Lewinsky. Clinton ended up in a television speech denying that he had any relation ship with Monica. Although later on Monica realized she had a dressed that was marked by Bill Clinton "White Juice'' and let to further investigation. Then he had to go back to the tv show and say that he lied later causing a scandal. -
Period: to
Contemporary (25)
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Al Gore
This man was Bill Clinton's vice prescient, and a democrat and he wanted to save the new government surplus for Social Security. Although he was defeated by Baby Bush in the election of 2000. -
Bush v. Gore (SCOTUS case)
At this point of the elections Bush and Gore had the same amount of votes and Florida was the last decisive vote for the president of U.S. and then they announced that Bush won the state and Gore takes it to SCOTUS. Then they decide that Bush once again won, judges couldn't be told how to count votes then found out that Gore had won the popular vote by half a million and Bush won the electoral college. -
PATRIOT ACT
An Act of Congress that was signed by President Baby Bush on. With its ten-letter abbreviation USA PATRIOT expanded, the full title is "Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001". -
War on Terror
This war was referring to the international military campaign that started after the September 11th attacks on the U.S..The Bush administration and the Western media have since used the term to argue a global military, political, legal, and conceptual struggle against both terrorist organizations and against the regimes accused of supporting them. -
9/11 Attacks
Was an attack that surprise America because an attack like that hasn't' been done since Pearl Harbor. Many were confused because they weren't sure what happened until the second plane hit. There was four planes and two hit there target the twin tower another one hit the Pentagon and the last one was aimed for the white house but they missed completely. -
No Child Left Behind Act
This event happened during Baby Bush's presidency , there was report of declining schools across the country. Bush then send a bill that cause all students to go to school in daily and that attendance would actually matter. It also required states to test students in reading and math. -
Hurricane Katrina
The disaster in New Orleans , Levee system had failed to hold due to huge storm, ending up with 80% of New Orleans flooded. It was one of the top five deadliest hurricanes in the United States history. -
Barrack Obama
He is a democrat and the first term senator from Illinois. He was against the war in Iraq. Defeated Hillary Clinton and made her kinda think the same way he did and his campaign was full of lies. -
First Hispanic SCOTUS judge - Sonya Sotomayor
President Barack Obama announced his nomination of Sotomayor for Supreme Court Justice. The nomination was confirmed by the U.S. Senate by a vote of 68 to 31, making Sotomayor the first Latina Supreme Court Justice in U.S. history. This gave hope to some immigrants that maybe one day they would be legalized. -
Affordable Care Act (ACA) “Obamacare”
Was mainly designed to increase health insurance quality and affordability, expand insurance coverage and reduce the cost of healthcare. Everyone was required to have insurance or in other words they would have to pay a fine
