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Mahler (1860-1911)
Gustav Mahler was an Austrian composer and was an conductor in Europe and in the USA, his orchestral works can represent maximalism, large 10 programmatic symphonies, orchestral lieder.
Mahler has made 5 orchestral song cycles, symphonies, Lieder, and chamber music -
Debussy (1862-1918)
Claude Debussy was a French composer and pianist, a inventor of musical impressionism, influential modern composers
Debussy has made chamber music, piano works, stage works, songs, and tone poems -
Strauss (1864-1949)
Richard Strausswas a composer of tone poems and some of the first modern operas, accomplished conductor, works epitomize maximalism
Strauss has made 15 operas, symphonic poems, orchestral works, other stage works, 150 lieder, chamber music, writings, and piano works -
Jean Sibelius (1865-1957)
Jean Sibelius was a Finnish composer and his later music is more modern
Sibelius has made 7 symphonies, tone poems, chamber music, and concertos -
Satie (1866-1925)
Erik Satie was Not an impressionist, but a leader in new French aesthetics on which impressionism was built; incredible innovator
Satie has made dramatic works, songs, piano works, writings
his genre he commonly composed was new age instrumental -
Beach (1867-1944)
Amy Marcy Cheney Beach was a American composer and pianist; very successful in Europe; conservative style; wrote scholarly articles
Beach has made I opera, vocal-orchestral works, chamber music, keyboard works, choral works, 130 songs
her genre she commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Scott Joplin (1867/68-1917)
Scott Joplin was a American and popularized ragtime
Joplin has made 1 opera, ragtime, waltzes, and marches -
Vaughan Williams (1872-1958)
Ralph Vaughan Williams was the becoming of the leader in English music, he was a collector and editor of forlksongs and hymns, he was a musical editor of the English Hymnal, and teacher and conductor
Vaughan Williams has made symphonies, choral music, chamber music, stage works, orchestral and band music, songs, carols, hymns, and writings
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Skryabin (1872-1915)
Aleksandr Skryabin was Influenced by chromaticism and impressionism; complex original harmonic language, virtuoso pianist
Skryabin has made tone poems, piano works, symphonies, and writings
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Rachmaniov (1873-1943)
Sergei Rachmaniov was not interested in nationalism, he was a master of melody; virtuoso pianist; toured the USA
Rachmaniov has made symphonies, piano concertos, symphonic poems, operas, piano works, songs, and choral music
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Schoenberg (1874-1951)
Arnold Schoenberg was the father of 12-tone music; important as
an innovator; teacher of Webern and Berg
Schoenberg has made operas, writings, symphonies, songs, canons, piano works, choral and chamber music
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Ives (1874-1954)
Charles Ives was an American and probably the most innovative, original and creative of all 20th century composers, he worked virtually in isolation and made a living in insurance
Ives has made songs, piano works, symphonies, band music, orchestral sets and other works, choral music, chamber music, and writings
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Hoist (1874-1934)
Gustav Hoist was English; influenced by folksong and Hindu mysticism; original composer and important teacher
Hoist has made orchestral works, stage works, choral, chamber works, and songs -
Ravel (1875-1937)
Maurice Ravel was an French composer; extremely versatile; innovator in pianistic style; expert orchestrator
Ravel has made ballets, orchestral, operas, vocal and piano works
his genre he commonly composed was operas -
de Falla (1876-1946)
Manuel de Falla was the principal Spanish composer of the 20th century; used Spanish popular and folk music; earned international fame
de Falla has made orchestral works, stage works, vocal works, chamber music, and writings
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Bartok (1881-1945)
Béla Bartok was a Hungarian composer and pianist; important ethnomusicologist; known for his rhythmic music; he incorporated his own native folk music into his compositions
Bartok has made concertos, piano works, chamber music, stage works, orchestral works, choral works, songs, many editions and writings
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Stravinsky (1882-1971)
Igor Stravinsky was One of the most versatile and interesting composers of the 20th century; rhythmic style; harmonically interesting
Stravinsky has made symphonies, ballets, operas, chamber music, choral music, and piano works
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Kodåly (1882-1967)
Zoltån Kodåly was Hungarian and ethnomusicologist, music educator; created movable 'do' solfege system
Kodåly has made symphonies, ballets, operas, chamber music, choral music, and piano works
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
von Webern (1883-1945)
Anton von Webern was a student of Schoenberg; known for his
musical brevity and clarity of texture; uses
pointillism; wrote no operas
von Webern has made symphonies, other orchestral
chamber and choral music, songs, writings
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Varese (1883-1965)
Edgard Varese was a French-American; wrote non-tonal music, focusing on elements other than pitch; innovative; took interest
Varese has made orchestral works, non-traditional genres, stages works, choral music, and writings
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Berg (1885-1935)
Alban Berg was a student of Schoenberg; expressive
language; often atonal
Berg has made opera, orchestral works, songs, concertos, and chamber music writings
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Boulanger (1887-1979)
Nadia Boulanger was a conductor and composer and was an Important teacher of composers in the 20th century, most prminent American composers of the first half of the century studied with her. -
Villa-Lobos (1887-1959)
Heitor Villa-Lobos was a Brazilian composer and cellist
Villa-Lobos has made dramatic works, choral music, orchestral and vocal works, chamber music, and piano works
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Prokofiev (1891-1953)
Sergei Prokofiev was a Russian composer and pianist; important as a Russian voice in Western culture
Prokofiev has made symphonies, concertos, songs, operas, film scores, chamber music, dramatic music, choral music, piano works, and ballets
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Hindemith (1895-1963)
Paul Hindemith was a German conductor, teacher, author and composer; wrote music for the practicing musician; Gebrauchsmusik
Hindemith has made dramatic works, orchestral, chamber music, choral works songs, and writings
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Still (1895-1978)
William Grant Still was a American composer; and the first AfricanAmerican composer to have his symphony performed by a leading orchestra; the first black American to conduct a major orchestra; the first black American to write for radio, TV and films; he incorporated folk idioms, jazz, and spirituals
Still has made 5 symphonies, 9 operas, ballets, vocal and instrumental works, and songs
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Gershwin (1898-1937)
George Gershwin was a influential American composer, conductor, and pianist who worked in Hollywood, he successfully fused jazz and pop music
Gershwin has made film scorce, songs, stage works, instrumental and piano works
his genre he commonly composed was Jazz -
Poulenc (1899-1963)
Francis Poulenc was a French composer; delicate and sometimes irreverent style; harmonically charming
Poulenc has mad piano works, choral music, concertos, and chamber music
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Chåvez (1899-1978)
Carlos Chåvez was a Mexican composer, conductor, teacher, writer, and government official; extremely important to Mexican culture
Chåvez has made stage works, symphonies, choral and vocal music, songs, instrumental works, and writings -
Ellington (1899-1974)
Duke Ellington was a American jazz composer, band leader, and pianist, he created a unique style of big-band jazz,one of the first African-American composers to cross races with his music
his genre he commonly composed was jazz -
Copland (1900-90)
Aaron Copland was the Most popular American composer of the 20th century; teacher, conductor, author;his music still has a special appeal to the American public
Copland has made 2 operas, 3 symphonies, 6 ballets, 8 film scores, choral music, piano and chamber music, concertos, and writings
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary and jazz -
Period: to
Post 1900's Era
By the 20th century music experienced the most varied and radical development in its history, there was no one style or trend that dominated the century. Tonality was abandoned and then redefined into Neo-tonality, this new tonality is different than the one based on our 24 major and minor keys. New electronic instruments were developed that changed the history of musical composition and performance. -
Armstrong (1900/01-71)
Louis Armstrong was a African-American jazz musician who revolutionized jazz; singer, band-leader, and trumpeter
Armstrong has made publications for trumpet
his genre he commonly composed was jazz -
Shostakovich (1906-1975)
Dimitri Shostakovich was a Versatile; the most important Russian 15 symphonies, operas, ballets, he was a composer working in Russia in his day
Shostakovich has made 15 symphonies, orchestral works, chamber music, songs, piano works, writings, ballets, and operas
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Carter (1908-2012)
Elliott Carter was a American composer, teacher; innovative
treatment of rhythm and form; contributed compositions into the 21 century
Carter has made chamber music, string quartets, orchestral and stage works, and writings
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Messiaen (1908-92)
Olivier Messiaen was a French composer, author, and organist;
incorporated sounds of nature; innovator
in rhythm; the first to advocate total serialism
Messiaen has made orchestral and vocal works,
piano and organ works, writings, instrumental and tape works
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Barber (1910-81)
Samuel Barber was a American composer and accomplished
singer; child prodigy and gifted melodist; continued with a successful conservative tonality in the midst of 20th century musical experimentations
Barber has made operas, ballets, orchestral works, choral music, vocal works,chamber music, and songs
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Cage (1912-1992)
John Cage was a American composer and philosopher; most innovative composer of the 20th century; changed the definition of music, he used indeterminacy; he was the center of avant-garde music in the mid-20th century
Cage has made many works of non-traditional genre, piano works, vocal works, chamber music, tape music, and writings
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Britten (1913-76)
Benjamin Britten was the Most prolific and best-known English composer of the 20th century; he kept opera alive in English speaking countries
Britten has made 17 operas, choral music, chamber music, orchestral works, vocal music, incidental music, and writings
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
World War 1 Starts
The First World War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 -
Babbitt (1916-2011)
Milton Babbitt was a American composer, teacher, writer; used serialism; he denied the importance of his audience
Babbitt has made orchestral and chamber works, vocal works, and works with tape
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Bernstein (1918-90)
Leonard Bernstein was a American conductor, composer, teacher, author, and pianist; he was the most influential American musician of the 20th century; brought classical music to the public via various media
Bernstein has made dramatic works, film scores, chamber and choral music, songs, filmed lectures and documentaries
his genre he commonly composed was classical -
World War 1 Ends
Germany had formally surrendered on November 11, 1918, and all nations had agreed to stop fighting while the terms of peace were negotiated. Germany and the Allied Nations signed the Treaty of Versailles, which formally ending the war. -
Xenakis (1922-2001)
lannis Xenakis was a French composer of Greek parentage and Romanian birth; advocated Stochastic music (music based on mathematical calculations)
Xenakis has made orchestral works, choral music, chamber music, music with tape, and writings
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Ligeti (1923-2006)
György Ligeti was a Austrian composer of Hungarian birth; wrote textural music with sound blocks
Ligeti has made electronic works, choral music, chamber music, and orchestral works
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
Boulez (1925-2016)
Pierre Boulez was a French composer, author, and conductor; advocated total serialism; he said, "all art of the past must be destroyed"; post-modern
Boulez has made orchestral, piano and vocal works, chamber music, and writings
his genre he commonly composed was modern/contemporary -
World War 2 Begins
World War II began in Europe , when Germany invaded Poland. Great Britain and France responded by declaring war on Germany -
Attack on Pearl Harbor
The Attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States against the naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii -
Normandy landings
The Normandy landings were the landing operations and associated airborne operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. Code named Operation Neptune and often referred to as D-Day, it was the largest seaborne invasion in history. -
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
The United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August 1945, respectively. The two bombings killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people, most of whom were civilians, and remain the only use of nuclear weapons in armed conflict. -
World War 2 Ends
was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers