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Issac Albeniz (Impressionism)
Spanish composer and pianist; very important to Spain -
Gustav Mahler (Maximalism)
Austrian composer; some orchestral works can represent maximalism; large 10 programmatic symphonies, orchestral Lieder; conductor in Europe and the USA -
Claude Debussy (Impressionism)
French composer and pianist; inventor of musical impressionism; influential modern composers -
Frederick Delius (Impressionism)
English composer of German descent; used impressionism -
Pietro Mascagni (Impressionism)
Italian composer and conductor; he became the official composer of the Fascist regime in the 1930's -
Richard Strauss (Maximalism)
Composer of tone poems and some of the first modern operas; accomplished conductor; works epitomized maximalism -
Jean Sibelius
Finnish; his later music is more modern -
Carl Nielsen
Danish; prolific and important to the history of Scandinavian music -
Paul Dukas
French composer, teacher, and critic; only allowed a few of his works to be published -
Erik Satie (Impressionism)
Not an impressionist, but a leader in new French aesthetics on which impressionism was built; incredible innovator -
Maurice Ravel (Impressionism)
French composer; extremely versatile; innovator in pianistic style; expert orchestrator -
Ferruccio Busoni
Important Italian composer; advocated moving away from "the tyranny of major and minor keys"'; yet his music sounds more conservative than his talk -
Scott Joplin
American; popularized ragtime -
Amy Marcy Cheney Beach
American composer and pianist; very successful in Europe; conservative style; wrote scholarly articles -
Enrique Granados
Catalan composer; teacher and pianist; He is a representative composer of the 19th century Spain -
Hans Pfitzner
The leading conservative German composer; also a conductor -
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Became the leader in English music; collector and editor of folksongs and hymns, musical editor of the English Hymnal; teacher and conductor -
Aleksandr Skryabin
Influenced by chromaticism and inpressionism; complex original harmonic language; virtuoso pianist -
Max Reger
German composer; Post-Wagnerian harmony; extreme chromaticism; master of counterpoint -
Sergei Rachmaniov
Not interested in nationalism; master of melody; virtuoso pianist; toured the USA -
Charles ives (Atonality)
American; probably the most innovative, original, and creative of all 20th century composers; worked virtually in isolation; made a living in insurance -
Arnold Schoenberg (Expressionism)
The father of 12-tone music; important as an innovator; teacher of Webern and Berg -
Gustav Holst
English; influenced by folksong and Hindu mysticism; original composer and important teacher -
Manuel de Falla
The principal Spanish composer of the 20th century; used Spanish popular and folk music; earned international fame -
Ottorino Respighi (Impressionism)
Italian composer; used impressionism -
Bela Bartok
Hungarian composer and pianist important ethnomusicologist; known for his rhythmic music; he incorporated his own native folk music into his compositions -
Karol Szymanowski
Polish composer; the central figure in Polish music in the early 20th century -
Igor Stavinsky
One of the most versatile and interesting composers of the 20th century; rhythmic style; harmonically interesting -
Zoltan Kodaly
Hungarian; ethnomusicologist, music educator; created moveable 'do' solfege system -
Gian Francesco Malipiero
Italian composer and musicologist; original and inventive -
Anton von Webern (Expressionism)
Student of Schoenberg; known for his musical brevity and clarity of texture; uses pointilism; wrote no operas -
Edgard Varese
French-American; wrote non-tonal music, focusing on elements other than pitch; innovative; took interest in electronic music and the idea of organized sound as music -
Charles T. Griffes
American composer and pianist; interested in ethnic music -
Alban Berg (Expressionism)
Student of Schoenberg; expressive language; often atonal -
Luigi Russolo
Italian inventor, painter, and composer; he created a riot in Milan in 1913 when he demonstrated his new instruments that were to produce machine noises of daily experiences -
Florence Price
American composer; adapted Juba folk dance and idioms of black spirituals; the first African-American woman to win widespread fame as a symphonic composer; even so, she was omitted from the New Grove Dictionary in 1980 -
Ernst Toch
Austrian composer; awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1956 for his Symphony no. 3; prolific composer -
Nadia Boulanger (Impressionism)
Important teacher of composers in the 20th century; most prominent American composers of the first half of the century studied with her; conductor and composer -
Heitor Villa-Lobos
Brazilian composer and cellist -
Louis Durey (Les Six)
Turned communist in 1936; not talked about much in music history; anti-USA -
Frank Martin
Swiss composer of French descent -
Cole Porter
American Songwriter -
Sergei Prokofiev
Russian composer and pianist, important as a Russian voice in Western culture -
Arthur Honegger (Les Six)
From Switzerland; admired Bach -
Darius Milhaud (Les Six)
Friends with Satie; used polytonality; one of the first to use jazz in concert music; came to the US in 1940 -
Germaine Tailleferre (Les Six)
French composer; too modest; beautiful music -
Lili Boulanger (Impressionism)
French composer; first woman to win the Prix de Rome, 1913; sister of Nadia -
Alois Haba
Czech composer, theorist and teacher -
Walter Piston
American composer and teacher; Neo-classic and crafted-oriented -
William Grant Still
American composer; the first African-American composer to have his symphony performed by a leading orchestra; the first black American to conduct a major orchestra; the first black American to write for radio, TV, and films; he incorporated folk idioms, jazz, and spirituals -
Paul Hindemith
German conductor, teacher, author and composer; wrote music for the practicing musician; Gebrauchsmusik -
Carl Orff
German composer and educationist; indebted to folksong (Bavarian); wrote a collection of graded material for children for use in schools -
Roger Sessions
American composer, theorist, and teacher; atonal mostly; intense and dissonant -
Howard Hanson
American composer, teacher, and conductor of Swedish ancestry; Neo-romantic style -
Virgil Thomson
American composer and critic; influenced by hymnody; his style unwittingly foreshadowed minimalism -
Ira Gershwin
Brother of George; used the pen name Arthur Francis early in his career (Arthur was their brother and Francis was their sister) -
Henry Cowell
American composer, teacher, and writer; innovator of indeterminacy (chance music) his experimental enthusiasm helped to create modern music -
George Gershwin
Influential American composer, pianist, and conductor who worked in Hollywood; he successfully fused jazz and pop music into the classical style and concert hall -
Hanns Eisler
German composer; pupil of Schoenberg; politically committed composer in East Germany Post WWII; fought against capitalism and fascism -
Roy Harris
American composer; influenced by folk music -
Georges Auric (Les Six)
French composer; by age 15 he had written over 200 works; wrote for French film -
Francis Poulene (Les Six)
French composer; delicate and sometimes irreverent style; harmonically charming -
Duke Ellington
American Jazz composer, band-leader and pianist; Created a unique style of big-band jazz; one of the first African-American composers to cross races with his music -
Carlos Chavez
Mexican composer, conductor, teacher, writer, and government official; extremely important to Mexican culture -
Randall Thompson
American composer and teacher -
Silvestre Revueltas
Mexican composer and violinist of international acclaim; he is representative of the "metizo realism" movement that drew upon the popular culture of Mexico -
Developments
music experienced the most varied and radical developments in its history; no one style or trend; tonality was abandoned then redefined into neo-tonality; mixed meter and new ideas about rhythm, bizzare rhythms and new notations; most things that were common in music were taken to their limits then abandoned; Blues, ragtime, jazz, followed by rock, pop, and urban vernacular music; new electronic instruments that changed musical composition and performance -
Maximalism
style of music which musical elements were pushed to the extreme; Expansion - expand forms, genres, and sizes of traditional musical entities; music was thick with motives and themes; Maximalist music often used an orchestra; -
Impressionism
Claude Debussy introduced Impressionism in France in the 1890's; Vague quality of each musical element; Harmonics were also vague, but tonal; Parallel chords, fifths, sevenths, and ninths were used to create color; dissonance was common; variations and sonata form were abandoned for large-scale, binary and ternary forms; quiet dream-like quality, loud dynamics were short lived in pieces; new tone colors were introduced. -
Expressionism
Most rebellious of Post-Romantic styles; Strong Emotional Expression; Melodies were optional; harmonies could not be analyzed; texture was often indeterminable; Rhythm, form, and timbre stayed traditional; binary and ternary forms were popular as were variations and even contrapuntal devices, all within an atonal system; 12 tone technique was created by Schoenberg in 1921; mostly atonal -
Aaron Copland
Most popular American composer of the 20th century; teacher, conductor, author; his music still has a special appeal to the American public -
Ernst Krenek
American composer of Austrian birth; trained in Vienna -
Kurt Weill
German opera composer in Berlin; moved to the USA, composed on Broadway in New York City -
Louis Armstrong
African-American jazz musician who revolutionized jazz; singer, band-leader and trumpeter -
Period: to
Post 1900's
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Harry Partch
American innovator, inventor of new instruments; developed a 43-note scale -
Rush Crawford Seeger
American composer and folk-music specialist; married to musicologist Charles Seeger; most popular among modernists in the 1920's and 30's -
Maurice Durufle
French composer and organist; not very prolific; influenced by chant; popular among choral musicians today -
William Walton
English composer; a central figure for England; wrote an example pf Dadaism with his chamber piece, Facade (1922-29) -
Aram Khachaturian
Armenian composer; one of the pillars of the Russian school of composers -
Goffredo Petrassi
Italian composer and teacher; after Dallapiccola, he is the most important composer in Italy during his day -
Luigi Dallapiccola
Italian composer, pianist, and writer; the principal innovator in Italy in the 20th century -
Michael Tippet
One of England's most important and original composers; favored neo-classicism -
Louise Talma
American composer; exponent of serialism -
Dimitri Shostakovich
Versatile; the most important Russian composer working in Russia in his day -
Elliot Carter
American composer, teacher; innovative treatment of rhythm and form; contributed compositions into the 21st century -
Olivier Messiaen
French composer, author, and organist; incorporated sounds of nature; innovator in rhythm; the first to advocate total serialism -
Samuel Barber
American composer and accomplished singer; child prodigy and gifted melodist; continued with a successful conservative tonality in the midst of 20th century musical experiementations -
Neo-Classicism
return to ideals of clarity; Used textures, topics, and forms from the past and combined them with modern harmony, tonality, and timbres; Johann Sebastian Bach; Neo-Classicism began with a revival of Bach's music, aswell as the interest of the harpsichord; -
Primitivism
western visual art movement; folk like; Paul Gauguin (artist); Igor Stravinsky vigorous, Rite of Spring -
William Schuman
American composer and teacher; used borrowed subjects -
Pierre Schaeffer
French composer, theorist, writer, and teacher; the innovator of musique concrete -
Gian Carlo Monotti
Composer in America but of Italian birth; important as a modern opera composer; Samuel Barber's partner in life and work -
Alan Hovhaness
American composer of Armenian and Scottish descent; Armenian influence in his music -
John Cage
American composer and philosopher; most innovative composer of the 20th century; changed the definition of music; used indeterminacy; he was the center of avant-garde music in the mid-20th century -
Conlon Nancarrow
Mexican composer of American birth; interested in jazz, African music, and music of India; used piano player rolls to play his rhythmically complex music -
Norman Dello Joio
American composer, organist, teacher; studied with Hindemith; considers himself an arch conservative -
Henry Brant
American composer of Canadian birth; a leader in spatial music -
Morton Gould
American composer, conductor, arranger and pianist; won a Pulitzer Prize in 1995 -
Witold Lutoslawski
Polish composer and a leader in aleatoric (chance) music -
Benjamin Britten
Most prolific and best-known English composer of the 20th century; kept opera alive in English speaking countries -
Dadaism
a movement of anti-art thinking in which artists and poets in the mid 1910's reacted against war and the bourgeois in Europe. Dadaism encouraged the questioning of traditional artistic expectations (avant garde) -
George Perle
American composer and theorist; retrained tonal centers in his 12-tone music which he called, "twelve-tone tonality;" won.a Pulitzer Prize in 1986 -
Vincent Persichetti
American composer, pianist, and conductor -
Vincent Persichetti
American composer, pianist, and conductor -
Milton Babbit
American composer, teacher, writer; used serialism; he denied the importance of his audience -
Alberto Ginastera
Argentine composer and pianist -
Ulysses Kay
African-American composer; not folk-oriented; favored neo-classicism -
Lou Harrison
American composer and teacher; favored the gamelan -
Robert Ward
American composer and teacher; his opera The Crucible won the Pulitzer Prize in 1962 -
George Rochberg
American composer and teacher who helped revive tonality in the 1970's -
Leonard Bernstein
American conductor, composer, teacher, author, pianist; most influential American musician of the 20th century; brought classical music to the public via various media -
Galina I. Ustvolskaya
Russian composer whose musical style is uniquely her own -
Non-Tonal
Percussion ensembles; less pitch focused; Edgard Varese new vision of musical timbres with modern orchestration techniques; experimented with strings often -
Louis Barron
Composer of the first commercially released film to feature an entirely electronic soundtrack; a pioneer in electro-acoustic music; John Cage used the Barron studio for his first tape work in 1953; husband of Bebe Barron until the 1970's -
John La Montaine
American composer of great versatility; his Piano Concerto No.1 won a Pulitzer Prize in 1958 -
Karel Husa
Czech-born composer and teacher; his Strong Quartet No.3 won the Pulitzer Prize in 1969 -
Ralph Shapey
American composer, conductor, and teacher; used syllables in organized sound structures; united avant-garde and romantic aesthetics -
Newton Strandberg
American composer with eclectic style; studied with Henry Cowell; worked to create electronic-sounding acoustic instruments -
Lukas Foss
American composer, conductor, and pianist of German birth; recognized for his experiments with improvisation and aleatoric (change) music -
Iannis Xenakis
French composer of Greek parentage and Romanian birth; advocated Stochastic music (music based on mathematical calculations) -
George Theophilus Walker
American composer and pianist; first African American composer to win the Pulitzer Prize (1996) -
Ned Rorem
American composer, poet, and author -
Gyorgy Ligeti
Austrian composer of Hungarian birth; wrote textural music with sound blocks -
Luigi Nono
Italian composer, conductor, and teacher; innovative and modern -
Luciano Berio
Important Italian composer, conductor, and teacher; advocated new tonalities and techniques; his recent death leaves Italy lacking internationally famous composers -
Pierre Boulez
French composer, author, and conductor; advocated total serialism; he said, "all art of the past must be destroyed"; post modern -
Gunther Schuller
American composer, teacher, conductor, author, and jazz musician; won a Pulitzer Prize in 1994; recognized for his Third Stream style, which combines jazz idioms with classical art music; in 1972 he orchestrated Scott Joplin's opera from 1910, Treemonisha for its long-delayed premiere -
Bebe Barron
Composer of the first commercially released film to feature an entirely electronic soundtrack; a pioneer in electro-acoustic music; John Cage used the Barron studio for his first tape work in 1953; she was married to Louis Barron until the 1970's -
Hans Werner Henze
German composer who created a fusion of past musical traditions and new trends; used traditional genres -
Ben Johnston
American, microtonal composer; studied with Parch and Cage -
Earle Brown
American composer; first to use open form; a leading representative of the Cage school in the 1950's -
Morton Feldman
American composer; also a representative of the Cage school in 1950's -
Betsy Jolas
French composer who has been influential as a teacher and composer -
Carlisle Floyd
American composer; one of the foremost composers of opera in the USA in the 20th century -
Samuel Adler
American composer, conductor and teacher; Jewish-German heritage; faculty member at the Julliard School since 1997 -
Thea Musgrave
Scottish composer; uses traditional genres in a modern context -
T.J. (Thomas Jefferson) Anderson
African-American composer; uses Jazz and post-Webern styles -
Karlheinz Stockhausen
German composer, teacher, conductor, and theorist; he helped to pioneer electronic music and new forms of modern notation; he has been one of the most important musical innovators in the 20th century, post WWII -
George Crumb
American composer; most popular for expressing despair during the Vietnam War -
Jerry Goldsmith
American composer -
Avet Rubini Terterian
Armenian composer interested in space and temporality; incorporated aspects of Armenian folk elements -
Ornette Coleman
American saxophonist and composer; the primary innovator of the free-jazz movement in the 1960's; his album, Sound Grammar won a Pulitzer Prize in 2007 -
Stephen Sondheim
American composer and lyricist -
Mauricio Kagel
German-Argentine composer, filmmaker, dramatist and performer; self taught as a composer -
Sofia Gubaidulina
Russian composer; works have spiritual connotations; believes music has mystical properties; unusual instrumental combinations -
Isao Tomita
Japanese; pioneer of electronic music known as TOrmita; producer of analog synthesizer arrangements -
Pauline Oliveros
American composer; accomplished tape-music composer -
Rodion K. Shchedrin
Russian composer and pianist; prolific and versatile composer embracing many styles -
John Williams
American composer and conductor; considered one of the best film score composers in America -
Krzysztof Penderecki
Polish composer; wrote textural music using sound blocks; his atonal music has public appeal; Poland's greatest living composer -
Morton Subotnick
American composer and teacher; accomplished tape-music composer; his 1966 composition, Silver Apples of the Moon was the first electronic piece to be commissioned by a recording company -
Henryk Gorecki
Polish composer; neo-tonal; his later works focused on tonal consonance -
Fisher Tull
American composer, teacher, and conductor -
Peter Maxwell Davies
British composer and conductor; known for his avant-garde music in England; in 2004 he was made "Master of the Queen's Music" -
Mario Davidovsky
American composer of Argentine origin; known for his works that combine live performance with recorded electronic sounds; won a Pulitzer Prize in 1971 for his Synchronisms No.6 for Piano and Electronic sound -
Alfred Schnittke
Known for his Russian film music; moved 8 to Germany; called his style polystylistic, incorporating styles from the Baroque to the present -
Giya A. Kancheli
Georgian composer from the Soviet Union; known for his film music -
Arvo Part
Estonian composer; assimilates older styles with a newly created modern tonality; created his own sort of spiritual minimalism with his tintinnabuli technique -
Terry Riley
American composer and performer; one of the founders of minimalism with his 1964 work, In C; interested in electronic and tape music; influenced by jazz and Indian classical music -
La Monte Young
American composer; used a variety of experimental ideas (some vulgar); one of the founders of minimalism; influenced by ethnic music; he continues to experiment with time in his music, some pieces having no end yet; known for his development of drone music -
Steve Reich
American composer and percussionist; one of the pioneers in minimalism -
Oily Wilson
African-American composer, teacher, and writer; interested in electronic and African music; he is also a pianist, bassist and musicologist; he established the first conservatory program for electronic music -
Philip Glass
American-Jewish composer and performer; one of the innovators of minimalism; he is one of the most influential composers in the 20th century -
Nikolai Kapustin
Russian composer notable for his use of jazz in classical genres -
David Del Tredici
American; known as the father of Neo-romanticism; influenced by literature; won a Pulitzer Prize in 1980 -
Valentyn Sylvestrov
Ukrainian composer and pianist; considered post-modern, but he believes his music is an echo of the past -
John Harbison
American composer; won a Pulitzer Prize in 1987 for his choral work, The Flight into Egypt -
Joan Tower
American composer pianist, and conductor; mainstream composer influenced by Beethoven and Stravinsky; one of the most successful female composers -
John Corigliano
American composer; addresses important social issues in his sometimes intense music; one of our composers to watch for future generations -
William Bolcom
American composer and pianist who desired to erase boundaries between popular music and art music; won a Pulitzer Prize in 1988 for his 12 New Etudes for Piano -
Charles Wuorinen
American composer, pianist, and teacher; favors serialism; complex music; he composed an opera, Brokeback Mountain in 2008-12; won the Pulitzer Prize in 1970 for his electronic work, Time's Encomium -
Barbara Kolb
American composer; known for her serialism and pointillism; first American woman to win the Prix de Rome; she uses sound masses in her music -
Ellen Taaffee Zqilich
American composer and violinist; very popular, busy, and noteworthy composer; first female composer to win the Pulitzer Prize for Music with her Symphony No.1 from 1982 -
Musique concrete
French composer, Pierre Schaeffer first developed this technique using a tape recorder; using recorded natural sounds then manipulating the sound by tape-splicing, then mixing, and superimposing the sounds on top of another -
Brain Ferneyhough
British composer and teacher; uses complex notation; considered a central figure in the New Complexity movement -
Tania Justina Leon
Cuban-American composer and pianist of mixed descent; influenced by gospel, jazz, African, and Cuban elements; teacher -
Paul Lansky
American pioneer in digital sound synthesis -
John Tavener
British composer known for his choral music and use of neo-tonality -
Laurie Anderson
American performance artist and composer; also a painter and teacher; considered experimental -
John Adams
American composer and conductor; expanded the new language of minimalism and Neo-romanticism; one of our leading composers of post-minimalist music -
Andrew Lloyd Webber
British composer of extraordinary contemporary fame and success -
Christopher Rouse
American composer and teacher; his Trombone Concerto won a Pulitzer Prize in 1993 -
Steven Stucky
American composer and teacher; his Second Concerto for Orchestra won the Pulitzer Prize in 2005 -
Aleatoric
chance music, composer left one or more musical elements in performance up to change. Performances were never the same twice; Charles Ives and Henry Cowell -
James Dillon
Scottish composer and teacher; Inked with the New Complexity group of composers -
Libby Larson
American composer; co-founder of the Minnesota Composers Forum (now the American Composers Forum) -
Indeterminate
also based on elements of chance, but could imply more directly three specified types of change elements; John Cage; Iannis Xenakis; Karlheinz Stockhausen; Earle Brown; Morton Feldman -
Electronische Musilk (electronic music)
developed in Germany after Stockhausen worked in Schaeffer's studio in 1962. Cologne became the leading city for electronische musik with its famous electronic music studio in the radio studios of NWDR in 1953 -
Textural
functioned with non-tonal music; sound masses could function contrapuntally although not constructed obviously of individual melodies, harmonies or rhythms. Used Sound blocks; Charles Ives; Henry Cowell; Gyorgy Ligeti; Krzysztof Penderecki -
Maximized Expressionism
integral serialism; Following Taruskin's notions of Maximalism; Milton Babbitt; George Crumb -
John Luther Adams
American composer who writes music inspired by nature; his orchestral work, Become Ocean won a Pulitzer Prize in 2014 -
John Zorn
American composer; uses a kaleidoscopic approach to composition; saxophonist, producer, arranger -
Danny Elfman
American film-score composer, actor, and record producer; his film scores since 1980 have been widely recognized -
Tobias Picker
American composer, especially important for his operas -
Michael Gordon
American composer associated with post-minimalism and works exhibiting totalism -
Richard Danielpour
Prolific American composer of an eclectic style -
Paul Moravec
American composer and teacher; won a Pulitzer Prize in 2004 for his chamber work, Tempest Fantasy -
Mikel Rouse
American composer associated with totals influenced by popular and world musics -
Hans Zimmer
German-born composer; innovator in the use of computer-synthesized soundtracks combined with orchestral music, in 2014 he was head of the film division of Dreamworks studio -
Tan Dun
Chinese composer and conductor; he strives to create multicultural, multimedia programs that obscure the boundaries between classical and non-classical, East and West, avant-garde and indigenous art forms -
Mangus Lindberg
Finnish composer and pianist; conscious composer with mixed styles and tonalities -
Uematsu Nobuo
Japanese composer of video game music (Final Fantasy Series); he is changing the perception of art music -
Aaron Jay Kernis
American composer and teacher; Neo-romantic style; won a Pulitzer Prize in 1998 for his String Quartet No.2 -
Mark-Anthony Turnage
English composer; prolific composer of emotionally charged music; strongly influenced by jazz -
Koji Kondo
Japanese video game composer and sound director for Nintendo since 1984 -
Unsuk Chin
South Korean composer based in Germany; winner of several international competitions intricate serialism with mixed styles -
Wynton Learson Marsalis
American trumpeter, composer, teacher, and Artistic Director of Jazz at Lincoln Center in New York; won a Pulitzer Prize in 1997 for his oratorio, Blood on the Fields -
Jennifer Higdon
American composer and teacher; won the Pulitzer Prize in 2010 for her Violin Concerto; active commissions in the 21st century -
Eric Whitacre
American composer, conductor and lecturer; specially known for his Virtual Choir project and large, online musical performances; writes in neo-tonal style -
Michel van der Aa
Dutch composer trained first as a recording engineer; 3D film-opera from 2013 is of particular note, Sunken Garden -
Thomas Ades
British composer, pianist and conductor; prolific composer; post-minimalist influences -
Carter Pann
American composer of particular appeal; teacher -
Kevin Puts
American composer; his opera, Silent Night won a Pulitzer Prize in 2012; teacher -
Heather Schmidt
Canadian composer and pianist -
Mason Bates
American composer who fuses orchestral music with electronics; wrote a work for the Youtube Symphony Orchestra. 2011 -
Kyle Kindred
American composer and teacher; active commissions in the 21st century -
Anna Clyne
British born; co-composer in residence with Mason Bates for the Chicago Symphony Orchestra; composes electro-acoustic music -
Dobrinka Tabakova
British Bulgarian composer; won the Jean-Frederic Perrenoud Prize in Vienna at age 14, and many International prizes since -
Kathryn Salfelder
American composer, conductor, and pianist; internationally awarded; post-minimalist -
Alex Prior
British composer and pianist of Russian heritage; by age 8 he had written significant works numbering more than 40