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T.Newcomen's steam engine
The atmospheric engine was invented by Thomas Newcomen in 1712, and is often referred to as the Newcomen fire engine or simply as a Newcomen's engine. -
John Kay's flying shuttle
John Kay was the inventor of the flying shuttle, a production tool he developed in 1733 that allowed cotton to be woven at a greater scale and speed than by hand. -
James Hangreaves' spinning jenny
The spinning Jenny was a spinning machine, invented in 1764 by James Hargreaves (although some also identify Thomas Highs and Miguel Fernández Tejelo as possible inventors) -
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Military and financial aid for USA
The declaration of independence of the USA and its constitution defended the inalieable right of the citizenes, separation of powers, equally and freedom of all the individuals and right to choose a goverment.
France financed the American Revolution and they were ruined. -
Richard Arkwright's water mill
The Richard Arkwright's water mill was patented in 1769, and produced thread from carded cotton automatically, by machine. -
James Watt's Steam Engine
In 1769, James Watt patented the steam engine. -
S.Crompton's spinning mule
The spinning mule was invented by Samuel Crompton in 1779. It revolutionised textile production by vastly increasing the amount of cotton that could be spun -
Edmund Cartwright's power loom
The first power loom was designed and patented in 1785 by Edmund Cartwright. -
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Economic and Financial crisis
The main causes of the economcal crisis are related to bad harvests, rise in prices...
The main causes of the Financial crisisare related to monarchy's lack of money. -
Enlightment
The burgeoisie took the enlightenment prinples to defeat the absolutism and the Estates of the realm. New forms to organize the society and the goverment With the french revolution. -
The Tennis Court Oath
·The Tennis Court Oath: Representatives of the 3rd estate met in the Tennis Court and proclamed themseleves the National Assembly.
·They swore to be assambled to write a constitution for french men.
·The Assambly was Supported by people in Paris. -
Declaration of the rights of man and of the citizen
Declaration of the rights of man and of the citizen.: The national Convention Assembly made some legal reform: feudal rights were abolizhed (pesantry) and teh Declaration of the Rights of Man and the citizen. -
Estates General and votes per estate
Each Estate in the Estates General received one vote as a whole group. The First and Second Estates often agreed on issues and would out-vote the Third Estate, two to one. -
The storm of the Bastille
Storming of the Bastille is an iconic conflict of the French Revolution. On July 14, 1789, fears that King Louis XVI was about to arrest France's newly constituted National Assembly led a crowd of Parisians to successfully besiege the Bastille, an old fortress that had been used since 1659 as a state prison. -
Poor social structure
·Peasants (80%) presented opposition to paying high taxes and rents.
·Burgeoisiewantede to finish with privileges.
·Clergy wanted free trade and taking part in the politic.
·Clergy and nobility bote together
·3rd: 1rst and 2nd states were privileged and 3rd estate non-privileged. -
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Constitutional monarchy
Moderate bourgeoisie proporsals: end of the Ancient Regime, a parlament by census suffrage and a constitution. -
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The great fear
The Great Fear (in French: la Grande Peur) was a wave of panic that swept the French countryside in late July and early August 1789. Fearful of plots by aristocrats to undermine the budding French Revolution, peasants and townspeople mobilized, attacking manorial houses in 1789. -
The flight to Varenes
The royal family with some servants tried to escape. They made it as far as Varenes, near the northern borde, were they were recogniser and taken back to Paris. -
Constitution
Constitutional monarchy, popular sovereignty, separation of powers limited male suffrage (men with certain wealth, in a census). -
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Legisltvie Assambly
·New constitution: end of privileges, guilds...
·The members sat aqcording to their idealogy.
·The king had the right of vote.
·The National Guard was created to defend the ·Revolution.
·The Austrians and the aristocracy were a real threat.
·The solve the financial problem: church properties were sold.
·Civil Constitution: established the separation Church-state.
·Worried about the actions of the National Assembly. the king and the queen, looked for help outside, specially in Austria. -
Preventive war
France declared preventive war on Austria that invaded France. -
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The social republic
·Some nations disliked the spread of Revolution (mainly Austria anad Prussia)
·Known events the common people (sans-culottes) attacked the Tuileries Palace and took the royal family. The Republic was declared
·New assembly is presented, elected by universal male suffrage: the National Convention. -
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Jacobin Convention
·The most extermist period.
·It was written a new constitution that recognised a universal male sufrage.
·The executive power was applied by the Committee of public safety led by Maximiliane Robespierre.
·Citizens were forced to join the Army by mass cospiration. -
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The Girondist Convention
·The National Convention voted to abloish the monarchy and make France a republic
·The radical Jacobins demanded that Louis should be judged for treason.
·It was proved that Louis was plotting with foreign troops to crush the revolution.
·European monarchies joined in a coalition to attack France
·The royalists prepared some counter-revolutionary plots to finish with the revolution and recover their privilegies. -
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The Terror
·Under the jacobins control, the gouvernment imposed a dictatorship to finis with conspiracies.
·Some social laws ere introduced.
·They tried to control the prices, specially the foods.
·Land owned by the church were sold.
·Primary education became conpolsory and free.
·The final act of the Directory: The conspiration against Robespierre. He and some other jacobins were executed. -
The execution of the king Louis XVI
King Louis XVI was sentenced to death by guillotine by the revolutionary government of the Convention, on January 21, 1793, declared guilty of "conspiracy against public liberty and attack on national security." -
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Conservative Republic (The Directory)
New moderated liberalism (moderated bourgeoisie - Napoleon). -
Constitution
A new goverment, of more moderate burgeoisie: the Directory. It included an elected legislative and a executive branch with five directors, to avoid dictatorship. The constitution restricted the right to vote to men who could read and who owned a certain amount of property: Census Suffrage. -
Coup d'etat
On November 10, 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte carried out a coup d'état of the 18th Brumaire that ended the Directory, the last form of government of the French Revolution, and he became the First Consul. -
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The consulate
When de directory proved to be innefective, it was replaced by a Consulate, witch was three men who ran the goverment. -
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Napoleonic period
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Napoleon became First Consulate.
The Consulate was soon dominated by Napoleon. He became Firts Consulate in 1800, and in 1804, he declared himself Emperor of France with general approval. -
The battle of Austerlitz:
The Battle of Austerlitz, also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, pitted a French army led by Emperor Napoleon I against the combined Russian-Austrian forces of Russian Tsar Alexander I and Austrian Emperor Francis I on December 2, 1805. in the context of the Napoleonic Wars. It was one of Napoleon's greatest victories, as the First French Empire definitively crushed the Third Coalition after almost nine hours of difficult combat. -
Napoleon's coronation
In 1803, Napoleon Bonaparte, started his conquest, and in 1804, he eas crowned emperor by the pope. -
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The empire
The Napoleonic Empire was an imperial state created by the French soldier Napoleon Bonaparte, who in 1804 had himself crowned Emperor of the French. That coronation led to war with several European states, especially Great Britain, Austria, Russia and Prussia, who wanted to prevent French expansion -
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The Napoleonic Empire
Expansion due to military victories over Europe enemies( Austria, Prusia, Holland, Warsaw...). The highest point was rhe victory In Austerlitz. Napoleon spread enlightened and revolutionary ideas (freedom, equality, fraternity). -
Robert Fulton's steamboat
In 1807, he and Robert R. Livingston built the first commercially successful steamboat, North River Steamboat. -
Luddites opposed mechanization in textile industry
The original Luddites were British weavers and textile workers who objected to the increased use of mechanized looms and knitting frames. -
Russian campaign:
It was a turning point in the course of the Napoleonic Wars. The campaign reduced the French and Allied invasion forces to less than twenty percent of their initial capacity. The role of this episode in Russian culture can be seen in Tolstoy's work War and Peace, and in the identification that the Soviet Union made between it and Operation Barbarossa from June 22, 1941 to December 5 of that same year. -
Waterloo battle:
On June 18, 1815, the French army commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated by the British and Prussian armies in the War of Waterloo. The defeat ended the 23-year war between France and the European allied states. -
Stephenson's steam locomotive
Stephenson's Rocket was one of the first steam locomotives with a wheel arrangement in 1829 -
Beginning of the transcontinental railroad
The railroad opened for through traffic between Sacramento and Omaha on May 10, 1869. -
Unification of Germany
The first unification of Germany occurred after Prussia's victory in the Franco-Prussian War. In this unification, most of the German-speaking states of Europe united under the crown of Prussia to form the German Empire. -
Thomas A. Edison Invented the light bulb
In 1879, he made an incandescent bulb that burned long enough to be practical, long enough to light a home for many hours. -
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I Boer War
The First Boer War was the first confrontation between the British Empire and the Dutch or Boer settlers of Transvaal. -
Beginning of Colonization of Belgian Congo
Keen on establishing Belgium as an imperial power, he led the first European efforts to develop the Congo River basin, making possible the formation in 1885 of the Congo Free State, annexed in 1908 as the Belgian Congo and now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. -
Berlin Conference
An international conference to establish the basec rules to colonise Africa. -
The first skyscraper bult in Chicago
In architectural history, one structure stands as the leader of a new era—the Home Insurance Building. Completed in 1885 on LaSalle Street between Adams and Monroe, it holds the distinction of being among the world's first skyscrapers. -
Wilhelm crowned as Kaisen of Germany
In 1888, Wilhelm's father succeeded as Frederick III. He died shortly afterwards, making Wilhelm kaiser at the age of 29. -
Invention of the radio
Italian inventor Guglielmo Marconi became known across the world as the most successful inventor in applying radio waves to human communication in the 1890s. -
First moving picture
In 1895 the first moving picture was created. -
Boxer Revelion
Was an anti-foreign, anti-imperialist, and anti-Christian uprising in North China between 1899 and 1901, towards the end of the Qing dynasty, by the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, known as the "Boxers" in English -
Fashoda affair
A series of territorial disputes in Africa between Britain and France, which took place in Fashoda, Egyptian Sudan. The disputes arose from the common desire of each country to unite their various colonial possessions in Africa. -
II Boer War
The Second Boer War was a conflict between the United Kingdom and the founders of the independent republics of the Orange Free State and the South African Republic in northeastern South Africa. -
Wright brothers first flight
The Wright Flyer was the first powered flying machine built by the Wright Brothers. -
Henry Ford' Model T started producing
The first production Model T was built on August 12, 1908, and left the factory on September 27, 1908, at the Ford Piquette Avenue Plant in Detroit, Michigan. -
Annexation of Congo Free State
Following reports of mistreatment of native peoples that provoked international outrage, the Congo Free State was annexed as a colony by Belgium on November 15, 1908, which ended its existence as an independent sovereign state. -
Crisis of Agadir
The Agadir Crisis, Agadir Incident, or Second Moroccan Crisis was a brief crisis sparked by the deployment of a substantial force of French troops in the interior of Morocco in July 1911 and the deployment of the German gunboat SMS Panther to Agadir, a Moroccan Atlantic port. -
II Balkan War
The Second Balkan War was a conflict that broke out when Bulgaria, dissatisfied with its share of the spoils of the First Balkan War, attacked its former allies, Serbia and Greece, on 16 June 1913. -
I Balkan War
Involved actions of the Balkan League against the Ottoman Empire. The Balkan states' combined armies overcame the initially numerically inferior (significantly superior by the end of the conflict) and strategically disadvantaged Ottoman armies, achieving rapid success. -
Beginning of WW I
Growing tensions between the great powers and in the Balkans reached a breaking point on 28 June 1914, when a Bosnian Serb named Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. Austria-Hungary held Serbia responsible, and declared war on 28 July. -
Beginning of WW1
The First World War was the first major war that devastated Europe in the first half of the 20th century.