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Period 7
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Monroe Doctrine
British Guiana and Venezuela had been arguing over their territories for an extensive amount of time but, when gold was found, the circumstance declined. The U.S. revealed to England they were trespassing the Monroe Doctrine and the U.S. controlled things in the land. English answered that the Monroe Doctrine didn't exist and nearly went war. -
"Influence of Sea Power Upon History"
Alfred Thayer Mahan's 1890 book, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, claimed that each successful country have an extraordinary naval force, and began a naval race among the incredible powers and moving the U.S. to maritime matchless quality. -
Yellow Journalism
Newspaper journalists reported on crazy stories that often were false or exaggerated. Sex, scandal, and other human-interest stories were popular topics. Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst were known as the "lurid yellow press". The purpose of yellow journalism was to simply sell papers.“yellow journalism” also influenced overseas expansion -
Cuban Revolt
Cuba rebelled against Spain, refering to long periods of misrule. The Cubans burnt their sugar stick fields with the expectation that such precautions would either make Spain leave or America come in between the affairs. America supported Cuba, and the circumstance declined when Spanish General Weyler came to Cuba to end the revolt and wound up placing numerous regular people into inhumane imprisonments that murdered many. -
Jingoism
Jingoism is aggressive, nationalistic and patriotic expansion. Theodore Roosevelt, among many others, believed in this was the unprecedented way to expand US territory. -
Spheres of Influence
China had been carved into “spheres of influence” by the European powers after they had been defeated by Japan. Americans were alarmed, as churches worried about their missionary strongholds while businesses feared that they would not be able to export their products to China. -
De Lome Letter
Dupuy de Lome was a Spanish minister in Washington who wrote a letter concerning President McKinley and how he lacked good faith. He was forced to resign when William Randolph Hearst discovered and published the letter. This publishing helped to spark the Spanish-American War. -
Sinking of the Maine
On February 15th the U.S. battleship U.S.S. Maine mysteriously exploded in Havana Harbor, killing 260 officers and men. Despite an unknown cause, America was war-mad and therefore Spain received the blame. But really, an accidental explosion had blown up the ship; a similar conclusion to what Spanish investigators suggested but America ignored them. -
Anti-Imperialist League
The American Anti-Imperialist League was an organization established on June 15, 1898, to battle the American annexation of the Philippines as an insular area. -
Teller Amendment
Stated that when the U.S. had overrun Spanish authority, it would give the Cubans freedom and let them be unconquerable. -
Hawaiian Annexation
Settlements marked in 1875 and 1887 ensured business exchange and US rights to Pearl Harbor. In 1890, the McKinley Tax raised the costs on this sugar. Americans felt that the most ideal approach to balance this was to add Hawaii a move contradicted by its Queen Liliuokalani however in 1893, Americans in Hawaii revolted and succeeded. Grover Cleveland became president again, researched the upset, saw it as off-base, and postponed the annexation. -
Open Door Policy
The Open Door Policy is a term in foreign affairs initially used to refer to the United States policy established in the late 19th century and the early 20th century that would allow for a system of trade in China open to all countries equally. -
Insular Cases
These were court cases dealing with islands/countries that had been recently annexed and demanded the rights of a citizen. These Supreme Court cases decided that the Constitution did not always follow the flag, thus denying the rights of a citizen to Puerto Ricans and Filipinos. -
Platt Amendment
This amendment said that the U.S. could intervene and restore order in case of anarchy, that the U.S. could trade freely with Cuba, and that the U.S. could get two bays for naval bases. -
Newland's Reclamation Act
A 1902 law, supported by Pres. Theodore Roosevelt, that allowed the federal government to sell public lands to raise money for irrigation projects that expanded agriculture on arid lands. -
Square Deal
Progressivism touched President Roosevelt, and his “Square Deal” control of the corporations, consumer protection, and the conservation of the United States’ natural resources. A strike broke out in the anthracite coal mines of Pennsylvania workers demanded a 20% pay increase the reduction of the workday to nine hours. After the owners refused to negotiate TR threatened to seize mines operate them with federal troops to keep it open. Workers got a 10% pay increase and 9-hour workday -
Panama Canal
The United States built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa. It cost $400,000,000 to build. Columbians would not let Americans build the canal, but then with the assistance of the United States a Panamanian Revolution occurred. -
Support of the Panamanian Revolt
In 1903, a revolution in Panama began by killing a Chinese civilian and a donkey. When Columbia tried to stop it, the U.S. wouldn’t let the Columbian fleet through because of an 1846 treaty with Columbia, Bunau-Varilla, the Panamanian minister, signed the Hay-BunauVarilla Treaty that gave Panamanian zone to the U.S. Roosevelt didn’t actively plot to tear Panama away from Columbia, but it seemed like it to the public. -
Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt Corollary asserted a right of the United States to intervene in order to "stabilize" the economic affairs of small states in the Caribbean and Central America if they were unable to pay their international debts. -
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War was a military conflict fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan from 1904 to 1905. Much of the fighting took place in what is now northeastern China. The Russo-Japanese War was also a naval conflict, with ships exchanging fire in the waters surrounding the Korean peninsula. -
NCLC
People were highly concerned about the state of the children and at the time a group of people wanted to quickly form an organization to abolish child labor completely. -
The Jungle
Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle made the American public aware of the horrors of the meatpacking industry helping to force changes. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
The Pure Food and Drug Act prohibited the sale of misbranded or adulterated food and drugs in interstate commerce and laid a foundation for the nation's first consumer protection agency, the Food and Drug Administration -
Meat Inspection Act
Prohibited the sale of adulterated or misbranded livestock and derived products as food and ensured that livestock were slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions. The law reformed the meatpacking industry. -
16th Amendment
The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution allows Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states on the basis of population. It was passed by Congress in 1909 in response to the 1895 Supreme Court case of Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. -
Great White Fleet
To impress the Japanese, Roosevelt sent his entire battleship fleet, “The Great White Fleet,” around the world for a tour, and it received tremendous salutes in Latin America, New Zealand, Hawaii, Australia, and Japan, helping relieve tensions. -
NAACP
created in 1909, this organization quickly became one of the most important civil rights organizations in the country. The NAACP pressured employers, labor unions, and the government of behalf of African Americans -
Scientific Management
a management theory using efficiency experts to examine each work operations and find ways to minimize the time needed to complete it scientific management, encouraged the development of mass production techniques and the assembly line, led to a revolution in American education of social science. -
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
A Triangle Shirtwaist Company in NYC caught on fire and killed 146 workers, mostly young women. The landmark case of Muller vs. Oregon found attorney Louis Brandeis persuading the Supreme Court to accept the constitutionality of laws that protected women workers -
17th Amendment
The 17th Amendment stated that Senators were now elected by popular vote from the citizens. -
Socialist Party of America
Debs represented the Socialist Party in the 1908 and 1912 elections. Debs, was accused of espionage and sent to a federal penitentiary for ten years. All this came about because of a speech that he made in Columbus, Ohio at an anti-war rally. Despite his imprisonment he ran for presidency in 1920. Although he didn't win, he had many votes; in fact, he had the most that any candidate of the Socialist party had ever had. -
Bull Moose Party
Roosevelt got the Progressive nomination, and entering the campaign, TR said that he felt “as strong as a bull moose,” making that animal the unofficial Progressive symbol. -
Initiative, Referendum, Recall
The Progressives favored the “initiative” so that voters could directly propose legislation, the “referendum” so that the people could vote on laws that affected them, and the “recall” to remove bad officials from office -
Federal Reserve Act
The Federal Reserve Act, signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson, gave the 12 Federal Reserve banks the ability to print money to ensure economic stability. -
NWP
A group of militant suffragists who took to the streets with mass pickets, parades, and hunger strikes to convince the govt to give them the right to vote. Led by Alice Paul. Very anti-war -
Assembly Line
A system that increased worker productivity and product output. Perfected by Henry Ford and soon adopted by many businesses around the country. -
Clayton Antitrust Act
The 1914 Clayton Anti-Trust Act lengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act’s list of practices that were objectionable, exempted labor unions from being called trusts and legalized strikes and peaceful picketing by labor union members -
Federal Trade Commision
The Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 established the Federal Trade Commission. The Act, signed into law by Woodrow Wilson in 1914, outlaws unfair methods of competition and unfair acts or practices that affect commerce. -
Submarine Warfare
Germany announced its use of submarine warfare around the British Isles, warning the US that it would try not to attack neutral ships. Wilson warned that Germany would be held to “strict accountability” for any attacks on American ships -
Lusitania
The Lusitania was a British passenger ship that was owned by the Cunard Line and was first launched in 1906. Built for the transatlantic passenger trade, it was luxurious and noted for its speed. During World War I the Lusitania was sunk by a German torpedo in 1915. -
Sussex Pledge
the Sussex Pledge is the document in which the Germans promised to sink no more ships without priory warnings. -
Jones Act
Granted full territorial status to the Philippines and promised them independence as soon as a stable government was established. -
Zimmerman Telegram
A 1917 intercepted dispatch in which German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman urged Mexico to join the Central Powers and promised that if the United States entered the war, Germany would help Mexico recover Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Published by American newspapers, the telegram outraged the American public and help precipitate the move toward U.S. entry in the war on the Allied side. -
Selective Service Act
Congress passed the Selective Service Act, which Wilson signed into law on May 18, 1917. The act required all men in the U.S. between the ages of 21 and 30 to register for military service. Within a few months, some 10 million men across the country had registered in response to the military draft -
Espionage Act
Espionage Act said people could be punished for obstructing military recruitment, or for causing disloyalty or insubordination within the armed forces, or for conspiring to obstruct recruitment or cause insubordination. Also allowed the poster master general to exclude seditious material from the axial. -
Committee on Public Info
A propaganda committee that built support for the war effort in Europe among Americans. It depicted Germans and other enemies on bad terms, and served to censor the press. The committee helped spur up the anti-German feeling in America as well as motivated Americans to support war against Germany once declared. -
War Industry Board
Created in 1918 with Bernard Baruch as the head leader-- the agency was established to increase efficiency & discourage waste in war-related industries. -
Sedition Act
added to Espionage Act to cover "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the American form of government, the Constitution, the flag, or the armed forces. -- basically you couldn't talk slanderously about the US government during WWI if you were in America -
Fourteen Points
Were introduced by Wilson in 1918. It was Wilson's peace plan. Each of the points were designed to prevent future wars. He compromised each point at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The only point which remained was the 14th (League of Nations). Each one was appealing to a specific group in the war and each one held a specific purpose -
WWI Armistice
At 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918, the Germans laid down their arms in armistice after overthrowing their Kaiser in hopes that they could get a peace based on the Fourteen Points. This “Armistice Day” later became “Veterans’ Day.” -
Schenck v U.S
A 1919 decision upholding the conviction of a socialist who had urged young men to resist the draft during World War I. Justice Holmes declared that government can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger" of substantive evils. -
Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of, 28 June 1919, the peace settlement imposed on Germany after WWI drawn up at the Paris Peace Conference and signed near the French capital at Versailles. -
Red Scare
Shortly after the end of WWI, the Red Scare took hold in the US. A nationwide fear of communists, socialists, anarchists, and other dissidents suddenly grabbed the American psyche in 1919 following a series of anarchist bombings. Innocent people were jailed for expressing their views, civil liberties were ignored, and many Americans feared that a Bolshevik-style revolution was here. Then, in the early 1920s, the fear seemed to leave just as quickly as it had came, and the Red Scare was over. -
Volstead Act
A federal act enforcing the 18th amendment, which prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages -
League of Nations
In 1919, after the war, Wilson proposed the League in the 14th point of his peace plan. The US voted not to join the League because in doing so, it would have taken away our self-determination, and Congress could not decide whether to go to war or not. The U.S. did not cooperate much with the League of Nations, but eventually, “unofficial observers” did participate in conferences. The lack of real participation though from the U.S. proved to doom the League. -
Palmer Raids
The Palmer Raids were a series of government raids on suspected radicals in the U.S. led by the U.S. Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer. The Palmer Raids were highly unsuccessful in finding radical communists. Palmer believed that on May 1, 1920 would be the day of communist rioting. The day passed without any incidents and he became discredited. -
Red Scare
The Red Scare was a widespread fear of Communism in the United States. The term "red" stand for Communism. As a result of this was the fear of Communist Revolution after World War I and the development of Comintern, a USSR agency whose goal was to spread Communism outside of the USSR -
Lost Generation
Lost Generation, a group of American writers who came arose during World War I and established their literary reputations in the 1920s. The term is also used more generally to refer to the post-World War I generation. -
Harlem Renaissance
Harlem Renaissance. a flowering of African American culture in the 1920s when New York City's Harlem became an intellectual and cultural capital for African Americans; instilled interest in African American culture and pride in being an African American -
Sacco and Venzetti Case
Nicola Sacco, a shoe-factory worker, and Bartolomeo Vanzetti, a fish peddler, were convicted of murdering a Massachusetts paymaster and his guard. In that case, the jury and judge seemed prejudiced in some degree, because the two accused were Italians, atheists, anarchists, and draft dodgers. In this time period, anti-foreignism was high. Liberals and radicals rallied around the two men, but they were executed anyway. -
Teapot Dome Scandal
a bribery incident which took place in the United States in 1922-1923, during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome to private oil companies, without competitive bidding, at low rates. In 1922 and 1923, the leases became the subject of a sensational investigation. Fall was later convicted of accepting bribes from the oil companies -
5 Power Naval Treaty
was a treaty among the major nations that had won World War I, which agreed to prevent an arms race by limiting naval construction. -
9 Power China Treaty
Affirmed China's sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity and gave all nations the right to do business with it on equal terms. Establishes Open Door Policy -
Radios and Phonographs
Radio played a huge role in bringing the nation together with news, entertainment, and advertisements being provided to upwards of 10 million households by the year 1929. The phonograph was also responsible for the formation of indie (independent) record companies, which were smaller organizations who offered music and musicians who were normally avoided by the bigger companies a chance. -
Dawes Plan
a plan that successfully resolved the issue of World War I reparations that Germany had to pay. It ended a crisis in European diplomacy following World War I and the Treaty of Versailles. -
Quota Laws of '21 and '24
Emergency Quota Act 1921 -- This law restricted immigration to 3% of each nationality that was in the United States in 1910.
Immigration Quota Act 1924 – This act was passed in 1924 and cut quotas for foreigners from 3 % to 2% of the total number
of immigrants in 1890. The purpose of the year change was to freeze America's existing racial composition (which was largely
Northern European). It also prevented the Japanese from immigrating, causing outrage in Japan. -
Scopes Trial
controversial trial in which a biology teacher was found guilty of violating Tennessee's Butler Act for teaching evolution however he was never convicted -
Jazz
Jazz was the music of flappers, and blacks like W.C. Handy, “Jelly Roll” Morton, and Joseph King Oliver gave birth to its bee-bopping sounds. F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote This Side of Paradise and The Great Gatsby, both of which captured the society of the “Jazz Age,” including odd mix of glamour and the cruelty. Jazz is the most famous example of slave music entering mainstream culture. -
Kellogg-Briand Treaty
All nations that signed would no longer use war as offensive means. -
Black Tuesday
On this date, share prices on the New York Stock Exchange completely collapsed, becoming a pivotal factor in the emergence of the Great Depression. -
Harley-Smoot Tariff
raised U.S. import duties with the goal of protecting American farmers and other industries from foreign tariffs -
Dust Bowl
After a severe drought and the lack of dry land farming methods, a series of intense dust storms were brought on that damaged American and Canadian agriculture and ecology. -
Reconstruction Finance Corp.
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was a government corporation administered by the United States Federal Government between 1932 and 1957 that provided financial support to state and local governments and made loans to banks, railroads, mortgage associations, and other businesses. -
Bonus March/Army
unemployed veterans marched to DC demanding bonuses promised to the, but congress didn't pass the bonus bIll they wanted. Hoover orders the US army to break up their encampment. Tanks and Tear gas was used to destroy the camps. -
21st Amendment
Repealed the 18th amendment, transportation and importation of liquors is prohibited, and should not be in-operated unless ratified as an amendment and approved by several states -
20th Amendment
The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution moved the beginning and ending of the terms of the president and vice president from March 4 to January 20, and of members of Congress from March 4 to January 3. It also has provisions that determine what is to be done when there is no president-elect -
Good Neighbor Policy
During Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency he initiated this act as a way to emphasize trade and cooperation with Latin America in the attempts to establish themselves as equals. It also aimed to help the reduction of economic nativism. -
USSR Recognition
After 16 years of not recognizing the USSR, President FDR, in the hopes of establishing a relationship with the Soviets, formally recognized them. -
Civilian Conservation Corps
This organization aimed at providing relief for people, it was a voluntary program that recruited young men from the ages of 17 all the way up to 28. The young men were either unemployed or single, and it was founded by FDR. -
Tennessee Valley Authority
This government agency was created by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the hopes of tackling issues regarding flooding, providing electricity to homes, opening new businesses and replanting forests all in response to the issues the Valley was facing. -
Federal Deposit Insurance Corp.
This corporation was meant to restore the people's faith in the American banking system and insured deposits in case of bank failures. It encouraged economic stability to help America after the hit of the Great Depression. -
Holocaust
Holocaust was a genocide led by Adolf Hitler after he came to power in Germany. The Holocaust began in 1933 and ended in 1945 when the Nazis were defeated by the Allied powers. In addition to Jews being targeted, homosexuals, Jehovah's witnesses, and the disabled were also targeted. The Jews were sent to camps. The Nuremberg Trials of 1945-46 severely punished 22 top culprits of the Holocaust -
First 100 days
A term coined by President Franklin D. Roosevelt while he was giving a radio address. He talked about how the first hundred days in a Presidents term in office can be used as a benchmark to measure their early success, and it has been used ever since. -
Indian Reorganization Act
The passing of this act allowed more control and forms of self government for Native Americans. President FDR signed this along with several tribal members. -
Securities and Exchange Commissions
Provides investors with honesty in what they choose to deal in. Creates a more reliable market for people so their faith in the American market was able to be restored with the passing of this act in 1934. -
Neutrality Acts ’35, ’36, ’37, ‘39
The Neutrality Acts were written in the above given years as a way for America to prevent its involvement in any other future war. This was highly due to many Americans anger at their involvement in WWI and seeing it as unnecessary and disillusioned. -
Wagner Acts
This act was instrumental in aiding protests and was signed by FDR in an attempts to prevent employers from interfering in workers protests. It gives workers the right to organize into trade unions if they should choose to do so. -
Italy Invades Ethiopia
In an attempt to boost Italy's patriotism they decided to invade Ethiopia and the League of Nations condemned their actions of being the aggressor. This invasion is often referred to as the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, and resulted in Italian victory. -
Spanish Civil War
A war in Spain fought between a Republican form of government going against a Nationalist form of government. They both fought for control of the country but ultimately it ended in a Nationalist victory. -
Quarantine Speech
This speech was given by FDR in the midst of WWII that attacked Germany for performing as if they were spreading an "epidemic of world lawlessness" and that the rest of the world should hopefully remain quarantined from it. -
Court Packing
After Roosevelt won the reelection he proposed that if a justice reached the age of seventy and failed to retire that he would reorganize and add a new justice member. This would help Roosevelt obtain rulings in his favor but the court deemed it unconstitutional. -
Fair Labor Standards Act
This was a law passed to prohibited the use of child labor in factories and established a minimum wage for workers. This also payed them time and a half if they worked more than 40 hours per week. -
New Deal
New Deal, focused on relief, recovery, and reform. Short term goals were relief and immediate recovery. Permanent recovery and reform were done by long-range goals. Programs were established to improve unemployment, regulate minimum wage, and reform many other social issues. -
Grapes of Rath
A novel written by John Steinbeck which depicts the hardships many Americans went through when the Dust Bowl hit along with the Great Depression. The novel was able to open his audience's eyes and invoke compassion for those suffering. -
Atlantic Charter
This document outlined the goals of the U.K. and the U.S. in their alliance for the aftermath of WWII. This declaration was made by FDR after a meeting in Newfoundland. -
Manhattan Project
The Manhattan Project was a secret construction of the Atomic bomb built in the hopes to win WWII. -
Lend-Lease Act
This was an American program that was set in place as a means of stopping the Axis powers by the U.S.'s distribution of food, oil and other materials to whoever it deemed would protect them. -
Oil and Steel Embargo (Japan)
When Hitler invaded Russia and Japan moved into southern Indochina, FDR ordered that the U.S. was to freeze all Japanese exports including oil and steel. This was an attempt to stop all of their assets and weaken the axis powers. Some believe it is in response to this that Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, although there are several other probable causes. -
Four Freedoms Speech
In the Four Freedoms Speech FDR outlined the freedoms all people were entitled to that went beyond the defeat of axis powers. These freedoms are the freedom of speech and expression, freedom of worship, freedom from fear, and freedom from want. -
Pearl Harbor
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a day when the Japanese Navy Air Strike launched an attack in Hawaii against one of the United States naval bases. This was a surprise attack that resulted in high casualty lists along with the destruction of U.S. naval ships. This was the turning point for many Americans and is what helped support the United State's decision to enter the war. There was no reason to even have a draft because so much anger from this event caused many men to volunteer. -
National War Labor Board
The board was a composition of representatives from business and labor designed to arbitrate disputes between workers and employers. It settled any possible labor difficulties that might hamper the war efforts. -
Japanese Internment
During WWII, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the U.S. held fear that there was going to be another attack on one of its military bases and as a result felt they could not trust anyone coming from Japanese descent. This led to President Franklin D. Roosevelt giving an executive order 9066 that all Japanese-Americans must be placed in internment camps. This required them to leave their friends and homes behind because of suspicion that they could be potential spies. -
War Production Board
This was another government created agency, developed by Franklin Roosevelt in his presidency, and given by Executive Order 9024. This agency supervised the war production that was occurring during WWII and replaced the other organizations that had previously been in charge of production. -
OWI
This organization was created by the government as a means of spreading the information of what was happening in the war to the civilians not serving on the war front. It's ultimate goal was to keep the public informed The information was spread to the communities by means of radio, films, newspapers and other forms of media. -
Braceros Program
A set of diplomatic agreements between the United States and Mexico that brought people over the border to help farm in order to not have food supply shortage and replace the shortage of men due to WWII. -
Tehran Conference
The Tehran Conference was the first time the Allied leaders assembled during WWII. Because of this conference they were able to set their objectives and how they planned to defeat Germany and came to the conclusion of opening up a second front against them. -
Rosie the Riveter
Rosie the Riveter is a very iconic symbol of culture during WWII. She was the representation of all the strong women who had taken their husbands jobs in factories while they were away at war. They helped produce munitions and other war supplies. -
Island Hopping
U.S. began a process called “island hopping,” where the Allies would bypass heavily fortified islands, take over neighboring islands, and starve the resistant forces to death with lack of supplies and constant bombing saturation, to push back the Japanese. -
D-Day
D-day is the day in World War II when the Allied forces invaded northern France by landing on the beach in Normandy under Operation Overlord. The day is recorded in history as the largest seaborne invasion to ever happen. -
Korematsu vs. US
After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, America had an extreme hatred for Japan and so all Japanese-Americans were sent to internment camps as a result of the U.S.'s fear and arguably what was already preexisting racism. In this case, the Supreme Court argued in favor of the ruling to send all persons of Japanese Ancestry away from the West Coast Military Area during World War II -
United Nations
Very similar to the League of Nations, the United Nations was another group composed of various nations in the hopes of forming alliances and achieving a realistic version of peace after WWII had ended. It was their goal to prevent future world wars from happening. -
Potsdam Conference
This was a meeting and compromise between Joseph Stalin, Harry S. Truman, and Winston Churchill to discuss post World War II in which each side would take reparations from the control zones of its claims. -
Japan's Surrender
The surrender of Japan came after both Atomic bombs had completely decimated the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. With their surrender WWII came to an official close. This made the nation of Japan not capable of controlling major operations. -
Yalta Conference
A conference between Stalin and FDR in an attempt to get Russian support in the highly anticipated invasion of Japan. Russia received the southern part of Sakhalin Island that it had lost to Japan and joint control of Manchuria's railroads and Port Arthur on Pacific Coast. The Allies reluctantly allowed Poland to become communist but with the promise that free elections would take place there (they didn’t). Many Americans saw this deal as a failure and the birth of the Cold War -
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
After the United States got permission from the United Kingdom, it dropped two Atomic bombs over Japan and completely annihilated the people and the cities. This helped bring WWII to a conclusion, but some Americans argue whether this method of destruction was completely necessary, especially because of it's high civilian casualty rates. This was also the first time nuclear weapons had been used in a war. -
Filipino Independence
This is when the Philippines declared their independence from Spain. Two days before the U.S. ratified this treaty fighting that was led by Emilio Aguinaldo broke out because he along with numerous others wanted independence instead of a leadership change. -
Japan takes Manchuria
This invasion of Manchuria gave Japan the opportunity to occupy China when the Kwantung Army took over. This event was a direct violation of the League of Nations, however they lacked power to stop it from happening. This event ended up shattering the Leagues credibility because it demonstrated that they lacked actual authority.
