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Pacific Railroad Act of 1862
promoted the construction of a "transcontinental railroad" in the United States through authorizing the issuance of government bonds and the grants of land to railroad companies -
Homestead Act of 1862
provided that any adult citizen, or intended citizen, who had never borne arms against the U.S. government could claim 160 acres of surveyed government land. -
Morrill Land-Grant Act 1862
Morrill Land-Grant Acts are United States statutes that allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges in U.S. states using the proceeds of federal land sales. -
Sand Creek Massacre
a massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho people by the U.S. Army in the American Indian Wars. -
Crazy Horse and Red Cloud, Fort Laramie Treaty in 1868
tribal leaders from the northern plains came forward to sign a treaty with representatives of the United States government setting aside lands west of the Missouri River for the Sioux and Arapaho tribes.. -
Medicine Lodge Treaty, Chief Satanta, 1868
conflicts between Native Americans and the United States erupted in pockets of violence. In 1863, military expeditions attacked a Yanktonai encampment at Whitestone Hill, killing at least 300 men, women and children; in 1864, cavalrymen attacked a group of Cheyenne and Arapaho in Sand Creek, Colorado, killing women and children and mutilating their bodies; and just a few months earlier in 1867, Major General Winfield Hancock burned down the Cheyenne-Oglala village of Pawnee Fork in Kansas. -
Ghost Dance
North American Indian religious cult of the second half of the 19th century, based on the performance of a ritual dance that, it was believed, would drive away white people and restore the traditional lands and way of life. -
Little Big Horn, 1876
was an armed engagement between combined forces of the Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes and the 7th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army. -
Period: to
Great Sioux War, 1876-1881
a series of battles and negotiations which occurred in 1876 and 1877 between the Lakota Sioux, Northern Cheyenne, and the United States. -
Chief Joseph 1877
a leader of the Wallowa band of the Nez Perce Tribe, who became famous in 1877 for leading his people on an epic flight across the Rocky Mountains. -
Exodusters
Name given to African Americans that first migrated -
Bureau of Indian Affairs ~ Boarding Schools
These schools were part of a plan devised by well-intentioned, eastern reformers Herbert Welsh and Henry Pancoast, who also helped establish organizations such as the Board of Indian Commissioners, the Boston Indian Citizenship Association and the Women’s National Indian Association. -
Dawes Severalty Act, 1887
authorized the President of the United States to subdivide Native American tribal landholdings into allotments for Native American heads of families. -
Sitting Bull
a Hunkpapa Lakota leader who led his people during years of resistance to United States government policies. -
Massacre at Wounded Knee, 1890
a domestic massacre of several hundred Lakota Indians, almost half of whom were women and children, by soldiers of the United States Army.