Period 3 Timeline

Holy Roman Empire (1806)

1806 BCE

The Holy Roman Empire originally was founded as the revival of the Frankish empire to whom the emperor Charlemagne was crowned as the new Imperator Romanorum due to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire by Pope Leo III. During the time of the empire, significant developments were also advanced in the fields of medicine, law, religion, government, and warfare. The Romans improved on inventions or concepts they found among the indigenous populace of the regions they conquered.

Voyages of Zheng He (1405 - 1433)

1405 BCE

Zheng He was a Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat, fleet admiral, and court eunuch during China's early Ming dynasty. Zheng commanded expeditionary voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, and East Africa.

Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644)

1368 BCE

The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China, then known as the Great Ming Empire for 276 years following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. It is also known for its trade expansion to the outside world that established cultural ties with the West.

Black Death (1347 - 1350 AD)

1347 BCE

The Black Death was a devastating global epidemic of bubonic plague that outbroke in Europe and Asia in the mid-1300s. The Black Death killed more than 20 million people in Europe almost one-third of the continent’s population. Then, it was most likely carried by Oriental rat fleas living on the black rats that were regular passengers on merchant ships, spreading throughout the Mediterranean and Europe.

Aztec Empire (1345 - 1521 CE)

1345 BCE

The Aztec Empire, or the Triple Alliance, began as an alliance of three Nahua altepetl city-states: Mexico-Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan. These three city-states ruled the area in and around the Valley of Mexico from 1428 until the combined forces of the Spanish conquistadors and their native allies under Hernán Cortés defeated them in 1521.

100 Years War (1337 - 1453)

1337 BCE

The Hundred Years War was fought between France and England during the late Middle Ages. The war started because Charles IV of France died in 1328 without a son. Edward III of England then believed he had the right to become the new king of France through his mother.

Tenochtitlan Build (1325 - 1521 AD)

1325 BCE

Tenochtitlán was an Aztec city that flourished between A.D. 1325 and 1521. Built on an island on Lake Texcoco, it had a system of canals and causeways that supplied the hundreds of thousands of people who lived there.

Pax Mongolia (1300)

1300 BCE

The Pax Mongolia is a historiographical term modeled after the original phrase Pax Romana is the stabilizing effects of the conquests of the Mongol Empire on the social, cultural and economic life of the inhabitants of the vast Eurasian territory that the Mongols conquered in the 13th and 14th centuries. The pax Mongolia was used to describe the eased communication and commerce the unified administration helped to create and the period of relative peace that followed the Mongols vast conquests.

Yuan Dynasty (1279 - 1368)

1279 BCE

The Yuan dynasty was China's first foreign-led dynasty, in between the Chinese Song and Ming dynasties. It was established by Kublai Khan, leader of the vast Mongol Empire, and fell into internal rebellion after it lost touch with its Mongol roots. After the founding of the Yuan Dynasty, many ethnic minorities migrated to the central plain.

Abbasids take Baghdad (1258 AD)

1258 BCE

After the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyad dynasty, the Abbasids caliphate turned eastward, deciding which the capital moved to the new city of Baghdad. The Abbasids moved the empire's capital from Damascus, modern Syria, to Baghdad, in modern-day Iraq, in 762 CE. The Abbasids had depended heavily on the support of Persians in their overthrow of the Umayyads, and the geographic power shift appeased the Persian mawali support base.

The Inquisition (1231 AD)

1231 BCE

The Inquisition was a group of institutions within the government system of the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat public heresy committed by baptized Christians. It started in 12th-century France to combat religious dissent, in particular, the Cathars and the Waldensians.

Magna Carta (1215)

1215 BCE

Magna Carta, the charter of English liberties granted by King John on June 15, 1215, under threat of civil war and reissued with alterations. By declaring the sovereign to be subject to the rule of law and documenting the liberties held by “free men,” the Magna Carta would provide the foundation for individual rights in Anglo-American jurisprudence. Its purpose served as a peace treaty.

Parliament Established (1215)

1215 BCE

The tenants-in-chief secured Magna Carta from King John, which established that the king may not levy or collect any taxes, save with the consent of his royal council, which gradually developed into a parliament. Over the centuries, the English Parliament progressively limited the power of the English monarchy which arguably culminated in the English Civil War.

Mongol Empire (1206 - 1368)

1206 BCE

The Mongol empire founded by Genghis Khan. Originating from the Mongol heartland in the Steppe of central Asia, by the late 13th century it spanned from the Pacific Ocean in the east to the Danube River and the shores of the Persian Gulf in the west. The Mongols always favored trade. Their nomadic way of life caused them to recognize the importance of trade from the very earliest times and unlike the Chinese, they had a positive attitude toward merchants and commerce.

Inca Empire (1200 AD)

1200 BCE

The Inca tribe, led by Manco Capac, founded the city of Cuzco in the Cuzco Valley region. The Inca live in and around the city-state of Cuzco. During this time period, they do not try to expand their area of control. Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui becomes the leader of the Inca.

Crusades (1095 - 1291 AD)

1095 BCE

The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims started primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups. The Crusades were a progression of religious wars endorsed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The most usually realized Crusades are the battles in the Eastern Mediterranean went for recouping the Holy Land from Muslim principle.

William the Conqueror takes England (1066 - 1087)

1066 BCE

William the Conqueror became duke of Normandy and later King of England. Violence-plagued his early reign, but with the help of King Henry I of France, William managed to survive the early years. After the Battle of Hastings, in 1066, he was crowned king of England for killing Harold at the Battle of Hastings.

Great Schism between Catholics and Eastern Orthodox (1054)

1054 BCE

The Great Schism was the break of communion between what are now the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox churches, which had lasted until the 11th century. This schism happened over the centuries and became official in the year 1054. It had political and religious causes. The political cause was the splitting of the Roman Empire that in which split into a western empire (Rome capital) and an eastern empire (capital at Constantinople).

High Middle Ages (1000 - 1300 AD)

1000 BCE

The High Middle Ages were a time of tremendous growth in Europe. The foundations of Europe as it is known today were set. The major nation-states that were to dominate in Western Europe for the rest of the millennium -- England, France Germany, and Russia -- were founded during the High Middle Ages. It was a period of growth for the cities, as well.

Song Dynasty (960 - 1279 AD)

960 BCE

The Song Dynasty was an dynasty of China, founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of Later Zhou, ending the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Song dynasty achieved on inventing printing, paper money, porcelain, tea, restaurants, gunpowder, the compass, the number of things that the Chinese of the Song Dynasty gave to the world is mind-boggling.

Viking Invasions In Europe (800 - 1066 CE)

800 BCE

Barbarian invaders known as the Vikings, coming from the North invaded Europe. Viking was skillful at sailing seas and oceans, as well as maneuvering in very shallow rivers and streams. However, No place seemed safe from these raiders. The monastery was raided and burned, while monks were either killed or enslaved, The Vikings continued attacks along the North coast of France for ten years.

Abbasid Caliphate (750 - 1258 AD)

750 BCE

The Abbasid Caliphate was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. The Abbasid Caliphate, which ruled the Islamic world, oversaw the golden age of Islamic culture. The dynasty ruled the Islamic Caliphate from 750 to 1258 AD, making it one of the longest and most influential Islamic dynasties.

Battle Of Tours (732 AD)

732 BCE

The Battle of Tours was a battle fought between forces under the Frankish leader Charles Martel, son of Pepin, the powerful mayor of the palace of Austrasia and effective ruler of the Frankish kingdom and a massive invading Islamic army led by Emir Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi Abd al Rahman, near the city of Tours, France. The mayor Charles Martel expanded the Frankish territory under his control and in 732 repulsed an onslaught by the Muslims.

Muslims control Spain (711 AD)

711 BCE

Muslim forces invaded and in seven years conquered the Iberian peninsula. It became one of the great Muslim civilizations; reaching its summit with the Umayyad caliphate of Cordovain the tenth century. Muslim rule declined after that and ended in 1492 when Granada was conquered. The heartland of Muslim rule was Southern Spain or Andalusia.

Umayyad Caliphate (661 - 750 AD)

661 BCE

The Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by the Umayyad, the first great Muslim dynasty. The Umayyads are known for establishing Arabic as the official language of the empire.

Death of Muhammad (632 AD)

632 BCE

Muhammad the final prophet of Islam, died as a result of being poisoned following his attack upon and conquest of the Jewish settlement of Khaibar. About 2 months before his attack on Khaibar Muhammad failed in an attempt to go to Mecca.

Sunni/Shia Split (632 AD)

632 BCE

The original split between Sunnis and Shiites occurred soon after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, in the year 632 and it was fundamentally that political division that began the Sunni-Shia split. The Sunnis prevailed and chose a successor to be the first caliph.

The Hijra (622 AD)

622 BCE

The Hijra is the era used in the Islamic lunar calendar, which begins its count from the Islamic New Year in 622 AD/CE. During that year, Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Yathrib (now Medina) to escape persecution. The date represents the starting point of the Muslim era.

Tang Dynasty (618 - 907 AD)

618 BCE

The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The Silk Road led to higher profits for merchants, better tax income for the empire, and a higher standard of living for the Chinese people. This brought more merchants to China, bringing more protection which worked up their wealth they made a fierce, powerful army.

Muhammad's 1st revelation (610 AD)

610 BCE

Muhammad's revelation was an event described in Islam, during the Islamic prophet Muhammad was visited by the archangel Jibrīl, who revealed to him the beginnings of what would later become the Quran. Muslims believe the Quran to be the book of divine guidance that is the central religious text of Islam revealed by God to Muhammad.

Middle Ages (500 - 1500 AD)

500 BCE

The Middle Ages is the period of European history from the fall of the Roman Empire in the West (5th century) to the fall of Constantinople. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages, the period is called “The Age of Faith.” Education. Medieval education was derived from Christian teachings and from Europe's classical heritage.

Dark Ages (500 - 1500 AD)

500 BCE

The Dark Ages is the period that had the Western Roman Empire that accomplished many new techniques for buildings and construction of all types including Roman roads, Roman arches, and aqueducts but soon collapsed by the invasion of the Barbarians in Rome’s border that attacked till its downfall.

Grand Canal Built (468 BC)

468 BCE

China's first great canal system was built during the Sui Dynasty, which created a northeast-southwest link from the Huang He to the Huai River. Emperor Yang of the Sui wanted a quicker and more efficient way of transporting grain to his capital city at Beijing. He also needed to supply his army that guarded northern China against the Mongols.

Byzantine Empire (330 - 1453 AD)

330 BCE

The Byzantine Empire was a vast and powerful civilization. When the Roman emperor Constantine I dedicated a “New Rome” on the site of the ancient Greek colony of Byzantium. Constantinople was the center of Byzantine trade and culture and was incredibly diverse. The Byzantine Empire had an important cultural legacy, both on the Orthodox Church and on the revival of Greek and Roman studies, which influenced the Renaissance.

Mayan city-States (320 - 331 CE)

320 BCE

Classic Maya civilization grew to some 40 cities, including Tikal, Uaxactún, Copán, Bonampak, Dos Pilas, Calakmul, Palenque, and Río Bec; each city held a population of between 5,000 and 50,000 people.