period 1

Neolithic Revolution

10,000 BCE

was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making an increasingly larger population

Neolithic Era

9000 BCE

when the first development of farming appeared in the Epipalaeolithic Near East, and later in other parts of the world

Stone Age

8700 BCE

prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface.

Paleolithic Era

8000 BCE

human prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools that covers c. 99% of human technological prehistory. It extends from the earliest known use of stone tools

Akkadian civilization

2350 BCE

in ancient Sumer started around when Sargon came to power through a coup. According to ancient texts, Sargon reigned for 56 years and conquered all of Sumer and Mesopotamia

Mesopotamian city states established

2300 BCE

the independent city-states of Sumer were conquered by a man called Sargon the Great of Akkad, who had once ruled the city-state of Kish. Sargon was an Akkadian, a Semitic group of desert nomads who eventually settled in Mesopotamia just north of Sumer

Stone Age

2000 BCE

prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface.

Indus River civilization in decline

1800 BCE

trade with Mesopotamia, located largely in modern Iraq, seemed to have ended. The advanced drainage systems and baths of the great cities were built over or blocked.

Hammurabi’s Code

1754 BCE

is a well-preserved Babylonian code of law of ancient Mesopotamia,

Height of Egyptian civilization

1570 BCE

when the country reached its height of wealth, international prestige, and military might

Aryans arrive in Indus River valley

1500 BCE

a large group of nomadic cattle-herders, the Aryans, migrated into the region from central Asia. The Aryans crossed the Hindu Kush mountains and came in contact with the Indus Valley Civilization

Hittites get iron and chariots

1300 BCE

The Hittites were an Indo-European speaking people that occupied Anatolia and started a kingdoms which would equal its rival Egypt in the south. They developed iron works, which helped it to expand its borders. And in addition to iron, they also adopted the idea of chariots and developed them for their benefit

Bantus migrate to the east and south

1000 BCE

The Bantu-speaking peoples migrated from Western Africa-- near modern-day Nigeria-- southward and eastward, spreading out across all of the southern half of the African continent. This migration started and it was was discovered through LANGUAGE.

Chavin civilization in Andean South America

900 BCE

is an extinct, prehistoric civilization, named for Chavín de Huantar, the principal archaeological site at which its artifacts have been found. The culture developed in the northern Andean highlands of Peru. It extended its influence to other civilizations along the coast.

Persian Empire established

550 BCE

is the name given to a series of dynasties centered in modern-day Iran that spanned several centuries—from the sixth century B.C. to the twentieth century A.D. The first Persian Empire, founded by Cyrus the Great around 550 B.C., became one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Europe’s Balkan Peninsula in the West to India’s Indus Valley in the East.

Golden Age of Pericles

495 BCE

This was a period of Athenian political hegemony, economic growth and cultural flourishing formerly known as the Golden Age of Athens with the later part The Age of Pericles.

Persian Wars (Greeks v. Persians)

490 BCE

a series of wars fought by Greek states and Persia over a period of almost half a century. The fighting was most intense during two invasions that Persia launched against mainland Greece

Nebuchadneszzer rebuilds Babylon

626

was the greatest King of ancient Babylon during the period of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, succeeding its founder, his father, Nabopolassar. Nabopolassar had defeated the Assyrians with the help of the Medes and liberated Babylonia from Assyrian rule

Shang Dynasty

1122

was the reputed successor to the quasi-legendary first dynasty,ruled in the Yellow River valley in the second millennium

Olmec civilization established in Mesoamerica

1200

Olmec influence and trade activity spread from even reaching as far south as present-day Nicaragua. Monumental sacred complexes, massive stone sculptures, ball games, the drinking of chocolate, and animal gods were all features of Olmec culture which would be passed on to those peoples who followed this first great Mesoamerican civilization.

Phoenicians create an alphabet

1500

The Phoenician alphabet developed from the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, during the 15th century BC. Before then the Phoenicians wrote with a cuneiform script. The earliest known inscriptions in the Phoenician alphabet come from Byblos

Zhou Dynasty

1600

was the longest-lasting of ancient China's dynasties. It followed the Shang Dynasty and it finished when the army of the state of Qin captured the city of Chengzhou

Hebrews establish Israel

1948

trace their origin to Abraham, who established the belief that there is only one God, the creator of the universe (see Torah). Abraham, his son Yitshak (Isaac), and grandson Jacob (Israel) are referred to as the patriarchs of the Israelites.

Assyrian empire established

2500

was the region located in the ancient Near East which, under the Neo-Assyrian Empire, reached from Mesopotamia through Asia Minor and down through Egypt. The empire began modestly at the city of Ashur, located in Mesopotamia north-east of Babylon, where merchants who traded in Anatolia became increasingly wealthy and that affluence allowed for the growth and prosperity of the city.

Sumerian Civilization

4500

known civilization in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia, modern-day southern Iraq, during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze ages, and one of the first civilizations in the world along with Ancient Egypt and the Indus Valley