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Period: 9600 BCE to 3000 BCE
Neolithic Era
-The time after the stone or ice age, it started in the Middle East and starts to move into the Copper Age -
Period: 9000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Paleolithic Era
This time period experience important geographic and climatic changes that affected human societies. -
Period: 8700 BCE to 2000 BCE
Stone Age
-A broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with an edge.
-Lasted for about 3.4 million years. -
5000 BCE
Mesopotamian City-States Establish
-The first city-states gradually develop in southern Mesopotamia. In here, writing begins to be developed. -
Period: 4600 BCE to 400 BCE
Olmec Civilization established in Mesoamerica
-First major civilization in México. The Olmec were among the first Mesoamerican complex societies, and their culture influenced many other countries, like the Maya. The Olmec are known for the immense stone heads they carved from the volcanic rock called basalt. -
4000 BCE
Sumerian Civilization
-Different social structure from other societies of that and later times. Independent city-states were the political structure. -
3500 BCE
Neolithic Revolution
-Marked the transition in human history from small nomadic bands of hunter-gatherers to larger, agricultural settlements and early civilization. -
2350 BCE
Akkadian Civilization
-The Akkadian language was briefly imposed on neighboring conquered states such as Elam and Gutium. -
1800 BCE
Indus River Civilization in Decline
The advanced drainage systems and baths of the great cities were built over or blocked. -
Period: 1766 BCE to 1122 BCE
Shang Dynasty
-Second dynasty of China which succeeded the Xia dynasty.
-The Shang Dynasty is known for its technological advancement and sophisticated craftsmanship in bronze and ceramic -
1754 BCE
Hammurabi's Code
Well-preserved Babylonian code of law of ancient Mesopotamia. -
Period: 1570 BCE to 1069 BCE
Height of Egyptian Civilization
Egyptian civilization reached the height of its wealth -
1500 BCE
Aryans arrive in Indus River Valley
A large group of nomadic cattle-herders migrated into the region from central Asia. -
1500 BCE
Phoenicians create an Alphabet
-The earliest known inscription is in the Phoenician alphabet come from Byblos and date back to 1000 BC -
Period: 1046 BCE to 256 BCE
Zhou Dynasty
-The longest lasting dynasty of ancient China.
The Hou dynasty was known for the beginnings of Confucianism and Taoism -
Period: 1000 BCE to
Bantus migrate to the East and South
This migration, or expansion, was discovered through language. -
Period: 900 BCE to 200 BCE
Chavin civilization in Andean South America
-One of the earliest pre-Inca cultures.
-Extended its influence to other civilizations along the coast. -
722 BCE
Jewish Diaspora
Assyrians conquered the Kingdom of Israel. Many Israelites were deported to Mesopotamia. Began with the Babylonian exile. -
Period: 605 BCE to 562 BCE
Nebuchadnezzar rebuilds Babylon
-Rebuilt the city with massive walls, a huge temple, and a ziggurat, and extended his rule over neighboring countries. -
550 BCE
Persian Empire established
-An empire based on Western Asia founded by Cyrus the Great
-Conquered the Medes -
509 BCE
Roman Republic established
-The aristocracy (wealthy class) dominated the early Roman Republic. In Roman society, the aristocrats were known as patricians.
-The Roman concept of the citizen evolved during the Roman Republic and changed significantly during the later Roman Empire. -
500 BCE
Siddhartha Gautama travels and teaches
Buddha set in motion the wheel of teaching. For the next 45 years of his life, the Buddha taught many disciples, who became Arahants or 'noble ones', who had attained Enlightenment for themselves. -
500 BCE
Confucius is teaching what will become the Analects
He interpreted the Analects as ceremonies performed by human agents and embodying the civilized and cultured patterns of behavior developed through generations of human wisdom. -
Period: 500 BCE to 449 BCE
Persian Wars(Greeks vs. Persians)
-A series of wars that were fought by Greek states and Persia over a period of a century. -
Period: 495 BCE to 429 BCE
Golden Age of Pericles
-A period of Athenian political hegemony, economic growth, and cultural flourishing. -
475 BCE
End Warring States Begin
The fiefs that had grown in importance during the end of the Zhou Dynasty had now become states of their own. -
475 BCE
Legalism is a dominant belief system (Qin)
A philosophy that attained prominence during the turbulent warring states era. -
431 BCE
Peloponnesian War
-A war between Athens and Sparta. Athens was forced to dismantle its empire. -
400 BCE
Daoism Begins
Retroactive grouping of ideas and writings which were already at least one to two centuries old -
336 BCE
Philip of Macedon conquered the Greek city states
Philip captured Pydna, and the Greek city of Methone (Athenian base). -
321 BCE
Mauryan empire established by Chandragupta Maurya
-Had overthrown the Nanda dynasty
-Rapidly expanded his power westwards across central and western India. -
Period: 300 BCE to 800
Mayan civilization
They had a highly advanced numeral system with place values. -
264 BCE
First of the Punic Wars (Rome v. Carthage)
The Italian metropolis had to charter several fleets and confront them with the experienced Punic endowments.
Rome won but still had to face the challenges of war at sea. -
232 BCE
Ashoka dies
Ashoka ruled for an estimated 36 years and died in 232 BCE.
During the cremation, his body burned for seven days and nights. -
221 BCE
Qin Dynasty starts building walls
The great wall of China was constructed, little of it stands today. -
Period: 206 BCE to 220
Han Dynasty established
-The second imperial dynasty of China.
-The first empire to run under the Mandate of Heaven -
Period: 130 BCE to 1450
Silk Road established
Chinese exports such as teas, salt, and porcelains passed through this road. -
44 BCE
Julius Caesar murdered
Caesar was murdered by his own senators at a meeting in a hall next to Pompey’s theatre. -
Period: 27 BCE to 14
Pax Romana
a period of relative peace and stability across the Roman Empire that lasted for over 200 years. begun with the reign of Augustus. -
Period: 13 BCE to 7
Hittites get iron and chariots
-developed ironworks, which helped it to expand its borders. -
Period: 9 to 23
Xin Dynasty briefly interrupts the Han
separated into the Western Han and Eastern Han -
100
Christianity begins
Began as a Jewish sect in Judea and quickly spread throughout the Roman Empire. -
220
Final collapse of the Han Dynasty
Cao Pi pressured Emperor Xian into abdicating in his favor. -
284
Roman Empire divided in 2 by Diocletian
The Eastern Empire governed out of Byzantium and the western Empire governed from Rome -
319
Constantine’s Edict of Milan ends Roman persecution of Christians
Religious toleration for Christianity within the Roman empire. -
340
Constantinople becomes the capital of Rome
Occurred when Constantine I moved his capital there to Rome. -
375
Gupta Dynasty established
-The first ruler of the empire was Chandragupta I
-The empire was maintained over northern parts of central and western India -
476
Collapse of Western Roman Empire
-Overthrown by the Germanic leader
-Odoacer became the first barbarian to rule in Rome -
550
White Huns take down the Gupta empire
-A nomadic tribe of people from central Asia invaded
-Regional political kingdoms ruled India. -
Hebrews establish Israel
-The people of Israel established the belief that there is only one God. -
Assyrian Empire established
-Considered the greatest empire of Mesopotamia. Expanded, conquered, and ruled the Middle East for 300 years.
