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Aug 6, 1490
The Vitruvian Man
This historic piece of art was created by famous artist, Leonardo da Vinci. He created this for the purposes of math as a theory of measurement. The Roman architect, Vitruvius, inspired da Vinci. The image is based on ideal human proportions, but geometry is also used in this piece of artwork. -
Aug 3, 1492
Columbus
Christopher Columbus set sail on the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria to find plentiful land and riches in India. He did this for King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile. Instead of leaving from Spain and reaching India, he ended up in North America, Once landed Columbus recognized the natives as Indians. The Indians kindly greeted the crew, gave them gifts, and helped them. Columbus would soon enslave the natives and have them work. -
Famous Literature: Romeo and Juliet
'Romeo and Juliet' by William Shakespeare was written in the later months of 1594. It is a tragic story of two star crossed lovers. Both from enemy families, they ultimatly have a large miscommunication and they end there lives when Romeo believes Juliet has commited suicide. It was also not only a famous piece of literature, but a famous play. -
Jamestown
On this day The Virginia Company set sail on the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery for Jamestown, a town they would later establish as Jamestown after King James of England. This expedition was led by Captain Christopher Newport. They had reached Virginia in April of 1607. -
Mayflower
The Mayflower took 102 English pilgrims and seperatists to New England. The Mayflower crossed the Atlantic Ocean with a destination of Virginia, but reached Plymouth Rock, MA. No longer under the same charter as Jamestown, Pilgrims voted leaders to guide them and held town meetings. Pilgrims left England to restore certain religous beliefs due to the corruption of the beliefs in England. -
Puritans
On this day the Puritans, a group of English Protastants of the Church of England, left for Massachusetts on the flagship Arabella, led by John Winthrop. These people had what was called spiritual anxiety which is when you are always worried about what God thinks of you. Winthrop's ship reached Salem on June 12th and later the puritains established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in a town they named Bosten. The colony survived but the religous values faded from the once Protastant colony. -
End of French-Indian War
Who? Americans, British Troops, King George III, Native Americans
What?/How? The French-Indian War ended due to americans and the French overpowering the Native Americans.
Where? America, England
Why? The war was won.
After the war tensions began to rise between the colonists and England due to the Proclomation of 1763. -
American Revolution
The American Revolution was America's war for independence against the British. There were 25 battles in this war; the largest were Lexington & Concord, Fort Ticonderoga, Bunker Hill, Long Island, Saratoga, and Yorktown. The Declaration of Indpendence was writin by Continental Congress in 1776. In 1778, France entered the war on the side of the colonists. BRitish surrenderd in Yorktown, Virginia 1779. Although we won our independence fighting did not end until 1783. -
Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776. It was created to get the colony independence from Great Britain. It was signed in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.The Continential Congress met to sign it. Imporant people who signed were John Hancock, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and Ben Franklin. -
Constitution Adopted
The Constitution is the supreme law of the United States. On this day the Constitution was signed in Philadelpha, Pennsylvania by the members of Constitutional Congress. -
Washigton's Inaguration
George Washigton is sworn in by Robert R. Livingston as the first American President. He said the first inaugural speech at Federal Hall in NYC with his Vice President John Adams next to him. -
Bill of Rights
On this day the First Federal Congress of the U.S. preposed the Bill of Rights to state legislatures. The Bill of Rights is the first 10 Amendments in the U.S. Constitution. -
Louisiana Purchase
Who? Thomas Jefferson, France, America, James Monroe, Robert Livingston
What? America wanted to purchase a large piece of land from the French.
Where? France, America, Louisiana
When? October 17, 1803
Why? America believed expanding woulod help them agriculturally and financially.
How? Negotiations with the French made the purchase possible. -
Growth of Manufacturing/ Industrial Revolution
Who? Americans, Eli Whitney, James Watt
What? 1807- Steam engine and steam powered paddle boat are developed.
1814- The world's first centralized textile mill in Waltham, MA
1824- Gibbons vs Ogden, the supreme court allows federal authority to regulate interstate commerce
1825- Erie Canal
Where? America
When? 1812-1861
Why? To make more money by expanding in technology
How?The new technology allowed for more materials to be produced and be transported. -
War of 1812
On this day the U.S. took on the greatest naval power in the world, Great Britian. America suffered many defeats by Britian, Canadian, and Native American troops throughout the war. The enemy burnt down the nations capital, Wahigton D.C., in August of 1814. American troops were able to stop British invasions in New York, Baltimore, and New Orleans this boosted national confindence and a new spirt of patriotism. The Treaty of Ghent, February 17,1815 ended the war. -
Beethoven 9th Symphony
The 9th symphony is considered one of the greatest pieces ever written. It was written by Ludwig van Beethoven in 1824. During the symphony 4 vocal soloists and a chorus sing. He uses voices making him one of the most successful composers ever. -
Erie Canal
The Erie Canal was built by the state of New York and is 363 miles long. It was used for transportation of people and goods. By this New Ypek City became a powerful center of business.
Where? New York, MA
When? 1825
Why? To help transport goods and people for business and manufacturing.
How? The Erie Canal helped people by promoting manufacturing in NYC. -
Jackson's Presidency
Jackson was inaugurated on March 4. Jackson shared beliefs with many who feared federal government, and vetoed many bills involving the countries money. Jackson passed the Force Bill to make it difficult for states to avoid the tariff (large taxes). Jackson then set the Indian Removal Act into motion for fertile land. The natives were no0t pleased with this and conflict occured. The Bank War went to show Jackson's true ability as he was reelected in 1832. -
The Alamo
The Alamo is a ruined Spanish mission in San Antonio that had been converted into a fortress. In December 1835, a group of 200 rebel Texans occupied the fortress commanded by William Travis and James Bowie. On February 23,1836 the Mexican army invaded the fortress and began the Battle of the Alamo which lasted 13 days. -
Period: to
1846-1848 Mexican War
Causes: -United States annexes Texas.
-U.S. and Mexico disagree about the southern border of Texas.
-Mexico refuses to sell California and New Mexico to the U.S.
-James Polk sends troops to enforce the Rio Grande as the U.S.- Mexico border.
-Polk sends troops to California.
Effects:-The Mexican War
After War effects:-Rio Grande is made the official U.S.-Mexico border
-U.S. gets California and New Mexico
-Debate over the expansion of slavery intensifies. -
Civil War
On this day the first blood was shed of the Civil War, the war of Confederacy and the Union. This war was fought over differnces in opinion on slavery. The South was lead by Robert E. Lee. In 1863 the Emancipation Proclamation takes place on January 1st. In 1865 the surrender of Lee and other Confederate commanders ends the Civil War. Radification of the thirteenth amendment abolishes slavery. -
Period: to
1865-1877 Reconstruction
1865- The 13th Amendment ends slavery and Lincoln and Johnson come together to restore the Union.
1866- The KKK uses violence to enforce supremacy in the south
1867- Congress puts the south under military rule for attempting to limit the rights of African Americans.
1868- The 14th Amendment grants African Americans citizenship.
1870- Republicans are elected to office in the south, the 15th Amendement gives blacks the right to vote.
1877- Reconstruction Ends -
Spanish-American War
Americans blamed Spain for the explosion of the U.S.S. Maine. This was one of the main reasons for war, along with Roosevelt sending cables to naval officers to attack. When the war was over we signed the Treaty of Paris resulting in Spain giving us the Phillippines, Puerto Rico, and the Pacific Island of Guam.
President of U.S.- President McKinley -
Progressive Era
1890- The national American woman sufferage association is founded.
1899- The national consumers' league is founded.
1912- Roosevelt runs for president under thenew Progressive (Bull Nose) Party and splits the GOP vote, giving the election to Wilson.
1914- The Clayton Antitrust Act gives the federal government broad anti- monoply power.
1920- The 19th Amendment is ratified.
Presidents: Theodore Roosevelt, William Taft, and Woodrow Wilson -
Period: to
1917-1918 U.S. Joins WWI
1914- President Wilson announces America's neutrality in the war.
1915- The sinking of Lusitania angers Americans.
1916- With the Sussex pledge, Germany promises the U.S. that U-boats will warn ships before attacking.
1917- Germany ends Sussex pledge and resumes undeclared submarine warfare. Wilson declares war and sends first units of AEF to France under General Pershing.
1919- United States rejects the Treaty of Versailles and membership in the League of Nations as American soldiers return. -
Roaring 20s
The roaring 20s was a rapid change in society. Popular culture roared to life when the economy boomed. There were new technologies, larger profits, aand higher wages. This allowed consumers to purchase more. -
Great Depression
1929- Stock prices tumble in what is known as the Great Crash.
Investors loose millions of dollars as the economy sinks.
1930- Congress passes the Hawley-Smoot tariff, the highest import tax in American history, in an effort to protect domestic industries. World trade suffers.
1932- President Hoover authorizes troops to remove Bone's Army protestors after Congress refuses to give them an advance pension bonus.
1933- Congress passes the 21st Amendment, which repeals Prohibition. -
WWII
1939- The invasion of Poland starts World War II
1941- Roosevelt proposes lend- lease program to aid the Allies. Japan bombs Pearl Harbor and brings the U.S. to war.
1944- American and British troops lead the D- day invasion of France.
1945- The United States drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. -
Period: to
1945-1989 Cold War/ End of Cold War
1945- The U.S., Britain, and the Soviet Union meet in Yalta to discuss the post war world.
1947- The Truman Doctrine promises support to the nations resisting Communist agression.
1949- NATO is formed to defend Europe from Communists.
1950- The Korean War begins.
1970's-1980's- The soviet Union is deteriorating.
1991- The Soviet Union collapses and can no longer afford for war. -
Korean War
The Korean war is known as America's forgtten war.
-WWII diveded Korea into a communist, northern half and an American-occupied southern half at the 38th parallel.
- The war began because the North Korea Communist army invaded non- communist South Korea. Kim II-Sung's North Korean army, armed with Soviet tanks, overran South Korea. Then the U.S. came to South Korea's aid. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was a social activist in the 1950s and played a key role in the American Civil Rights movement. Birth date: January 15, 1929
Birth place: Atlanta, Georgia
Birth name: Michael Luther King, Jr.
He was the first African-American to be named Time magazine's Man of the Year. He was the youngest person, at the time, to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Author of six books published from 1958 through 1968, that work on American race relations and collections of his sermons and lectures. -
JFK
1960- Kennedy and Johnson are elected, beating Nixon.
1961- Kennedy launches his New Fronteir program. The first U.S. astronaut goes into space.
1962- The Cuban Missile Crisis brings the superpowers to the brink of nuclear war.
1963- Kennedy is assassinated in Dallas; Lyndon becomes president. -
Tet Offensive
Tet offense was suprise attacks on major cities, towns, and American military bases throughout South Vietnam during the Vietnam war. Viet Cong attacked the American embassy and presidential palace in Saigon, capital of South Vietnam. For example the My Lai massacre. -
Armistice Vietnam
The end of the Vietnam War. American troops withdraw from Vietnam, but returned veterans recieve a mixed welcome at home. The war ended because it didn't stop, it was continuous. -
Fall of Vietnam
South Vietnam fell to North Vietnamese forces. The fall of Saigon marked the official end of the war. -
Reagan Era
1981- President Reagan cuts income tax rates and plans to curb government spending.
1982- Unemployment is at a 40-year high.
1984- Reagan is reelected aided by an economic boom.
1986- Americans learn that pesidential aides illegally sold arms to Iran.
Reagan also played a large part in the Cold War. -
9/11
On this day, four American aircrafts were highjacked by a Islamic Extremist group called Al-Queda. These planes were redirected to thit The White House, the Twin Towers, and the Pentagon. All flights were succesful except for the plane aimed at The White House; passagers were able to hear word of the highjackings and attepted to stop the highjacker from reaching his final destination, ultimately ending in the plane crashing in an open field in Arlington, PA.
