Ozone Layer

By caleyeet

  • CFCs invented

    CFCs invented
    “Wonder gas” CFCs were invented in 1928
    for commercial applications.

  • UNEP gets involved

    “In 1977, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
    sets up a co-ordinating committee to study the ozone layer.”

  • CFCs banned

    “In 1978, the United States of America, Canada,
    Sweden and Norway ban the use of CFCs in aerosols.”

  • Ozone layer is protected

    “In 1981, UNEP starts inter-governmental negotiations to protect the ozone layer.”

  • Consumption of CFCs increases

    “After 1982, in the absence of other moves, the consumption of CFCs increases again. Industry demands proof of ozone depletion due to CFCs.”

  • Scientists continue to find proof of ozone depletion

    “Governments agree to study, exchange information and
    protect the ozone layer - through the Vienna Convention for the
    Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985). Scientists continue to find proof of ozone depletion.”

  • Severe thinning in ozone

    “The British Antarctic Team discovers severe thinning in the ozone layer over Antarctica - the ozone hole.”

  • The Montreal Protocol

    “In 1987, 46 governments agree to a fifty per cent cut in the
    production and consumption of CFCs by the year 2000; a freeze
    in production and consumption of halons by 1992; further
    controls linked to assessments by experts.”

  • CFCs linked to ozone depletion

    “In 1988, the UNEP - WMO report on ozone
    trends links CFCs to ozone depletion.”

  • More control reccomended

    “In 1989, the UNEP Assessment Panel of experts reports THE NEED for tougher controls.”

  • London Amendment

    “Parties agree to completely phase out CFCs by the year 2000, and to establish a Multilateral Fund to assist developing coun-
    tries. US$ 240 million was allocated for 1991 - 1993.”

  • More substances controlled

    “UNEP Assessment Panels recommend that more substances
    (HCFCs, methyl bromide) are controlled and that the phase out of CFCs is advanced.”

  • Copenhagen Amendment

    “In 1992, it was decided that the developed countries phase out
    HCFCs by 2030, freeze methyl bromide by 1995 and that the
    phase out of CFCs be brought forward to 1996.”

  • Replenishment of the Mulltilateral Fund

    “In 1993, the Meeting of the Parties, held in Bangkok, agrees to a
    replenishment of the Multilateral Fund - US$455 million for 1994 - 1996.”

  • Halons are phased out by industrialized countries

    “UNEP Assess-
    ment Panels recommend tougher controls on methyl bromide.”

  • Halons are phased out by industrialized countries.

    “UNEP Assessment Panels recommend tougher controls on methyl bromide.”

  • Developing countries agree to phase out methyl bromide by 2010

    “Some countries, the Russian Federation and others, report an
    inability to phase out CFCs by 1996 due to their internal problems.
    The Global Environment Facility (GEF) offers to help them."

  • Developing countries agree to phase out methyl bromide by 2010

    “Some countries, the Russian Federation and others, report an
    inability to phase out CFCs by 1996 due to their internal problems.
    The Global Environment Facility (GEF) offers to help them.”

  • Money funded to Multilateral Fund

    “The Meeting of the Parties held in Costa Rica, approves the
    replenishment of the Multilateral Fund and gives US$466 million for 1997 - 1999.”

  • Replenishment of the Multilateral Fund is approved

    “The Meeting of the Parties held in Costa Rica, approves the
    replenishment of the Multilateral Fund and gives US$466 million for 1997 - 1999.”

  • Industrialized countries

    Industrialized countries

  • Montreal Amendment

    “Industrialized countries agree to phase out methyl bromide by
    2005. Developing countries will phase out the same by 2015.”

  • Montreal Amemdment cont.

    “Licensing for the import and export of CFCs was introduced.”

  • Ozone meetings approved a replenishment of the Multilater Fund of $440 million

    The Ozone meetings in Beijing in December 1999 approved a
    replenishment of the Multilateral Fund of US$ 440 million for the years
    2000-2002 for continuing the phase-out of CFCs, in addition to the
    carry-over of US$ 35.7 million from the previous period.

  • Banned bromochloromethane

    The 11th Meeting of the Parties in Beijing banned
    bromochloromethane, (a new ozone-depleting chemical)
    and put controls on production of HCFCs and trade in HCFCs with non-Parties.

  • continue full implementation of the Montreal Protocol

    The Beijing Declaration (December 1999) reiterated the
    commitment of all Governments to continue full implementation
    of the Montreal Protocol and ensure the protection of the ozone layer.