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Wonder Gas
Wonder gas were invented for commercial applications. The were advertised as non-toxic, non-corrosive, non-flammable, and versatile. -
A Laboratory Study
In 1973 M.J.Molina and F.S.Rowland published a laboratory study demonstrating the ability of CFC's to catalytically breakdown Ozone in the presence of high frequency UV light. -
A Coordinating Committee is Set Up
“In 1977, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
sets up a co-ordinating committee to study the ozone layer.” -
Banning is put on CFC Products
In 1978, the United States of America, Canada,
Sweden and Norway ban the use of CFCs in aerosols. -
Intergovernmental Negotiations get Involved
In 1981, UNEP starts inter-governmental negotiations
to protect the ozone layer. -
Increase of CFC Products
After 1982, in the absence of other moves,
the consumption of CFCs increases again. Industry demand
proof of ozone depletion due to CFCs. -
Vienna Protection of the Ozone Layer
Governments agree to study, exchange information and
protect the ozone layer - through the Vienna Convention for the
Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985). Scientists continue to find
proof of ozone depletion. -
Proof of Ozone Hole
The British Antarctic Team discovers severe thinning in the ozone
layer over Antarctica - the ozone hole. -
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the ozone Layer
In 1987, 46 governments agree to a fifty per cent cut in the
production and consumption of CFCs .Many developing countries ask for alternative technologies and financial assistance to implement the Montreal Protocol. -
WMO Makes a Report
In 1988, the UNEP - WMO report on ozone
trends links CFCs to ozone depletion. -
The Need for Tougher Controls
In 1989, the UNEP Assessment Panel of experts reports
THE NEED for tougher controls. -
London Amendment
Parties agree to completely phase out CFCs by the year 2000,
and to establish a Multilateral Fund to assist developing countries. US$ 240 million was allocated for 1991 - 1993. -
More Substances Controll
UNEP Assessment Panels recommend that more substances
(HCFCs, methyl bromide) are controlled and that the phase out
of CFCs is advanced. -
Copenhagen Amendment
In 1992, it was decided that the developed countries phase out
HCFCs by 2030, freeze methyl bromide by 1995 and that the
phase out of CFCs be brought forward to 1996. -
Meeting of the Parties
In 1993, the Meeting of the Parties, held in Bangkok, agrees to a
replenishment of the Multilateral Fund - US$455 million for 1994 - 1996. -
Phase-out of Halons
Halons are phased out by industrialized countries. UNEP Assessment Panels recommend tougher controls on methyl bromide. -
Inability to Phase out CFCs
Some countries, the Russian Federation and others, report an
inability to phase out CFCs by 1996 due to their internal problems.
The Global Environment Facility (GEF) offers to help them.
Developing countries agree to phase out methyl bromide by 2010.” -
Approvement of Multilateral Funds in Costa Rica
The Meeting of the Parties held in Costa Rica, approves the
replenishment of the Multilateral Fund and gives US$466 million
for 1997 - 1999. -
Montreal Amendment
Industrialized countries agree to phase out methyl bromide by
2005. Developing countries will phase out the same by 2015. Licensing for the import and export of CFCs was introduced. GEF assists countries with economies in transition to phase out CFCs. -
Beijing approved Replenishment of Multilateral Fund for the US
The Ozone meetings in Beijing in December 1999 approved a
replenishment of the Multilateral Fund of US$ 440 million for the years 2000-2002 for continuing the phase-out of CFCs, in addition to the carry-over of US$ 35.7 million from the previous period. -
New Bans and Controls Placed
The 11th Meeting of the Parties in Beijing banned
bromochloromethane, (a new ozone-depleting chemical)
and put controls on production of HCFCs and trade in HCFCs
with non-Parties. -
Beijing Declaration
The Beijing Declaration (December 1999) reiterated the
commitment of all Governments to continue full implementation
of the Montreal Protocol and ensure the protection of the ozone layer.
