-
The 13th Amendment (+)
The 13th amendment abolished slavery and "involuntary servitude". Though this was a big step in American history, many more steps had to be taken for blacks to obtain true freedom. -
14th Amendment (+)
Rights of citizenship, due process of law, and equal protection of the law. The 14th amendment has become one of the most used amendments in court to date regarding the equal protection clause. -
15th Amendment (+)
Granted Black Men the right to vote. Though according to the law blacks were allowed to vote, systems like jim crow, literacy tests, and even more severe segregation at the time prevented them from contributing to politics and the government. -
Tuskegee Institute created (+)
Founded by Booker T. Washington where teachers were trained in Alabama to provide black students with academic and vocational training. Is now Tuskegee University, an HBCU today. -
Creation of NAACP (+)
The NAACP is America’s largest and oldest civil rights organization. Stands for the “National Association for the Advancement of Colored People” and was (and is ) composed of a diverse group of people with the common goal of advancement and progression. -
19th Amendment (-)
Granted women the right to vote. -
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) (-)
The ERA was passed in 1972 and proposed in 1923 guarenteing legal equal rights despite one’s sex. -
Executive Order 9981 (+)
President Truman’s executive order that got rid of and outlawed discrimination and segregation. Stated that no system or public place could segregate on the basis of “race, color, religion, or national origin.” Desegregated in armed forces. -
Brown v. Board of Education (+)
Brown vs. The Board of Education was an important Supreme Court case that stated that segregation in public school was unconstitutional, even if they were “separate but equal”. -
Little Rock 9 (+)
The Little Rock 9 was a group of 9, black high school students who attended Little Rock Central High with the goal to desegregate public schools. -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) (+)
The SCLC was created by Martin Luther King Jr. and aimed to help Blacks register to vote and get rid of segregation in America. Was formed right after the Montgomery Bus Boycott which fueled the desire to end segregation not only on the buses, but in every public place in America. -
Greensboro, NC Sit-ins (+)
A protest where a series of young black students went to a whites only lunch counter and hosted a sit-in waiting to be served. -
Chicano Movement (*)
A movement where artists painted murals on schools, city buildings, churches, and other public properties for social and political equality and advancement for Mexican Americans. -
Dr.King's "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" (+)
After being arrested at a march and placed in jail, Dr. King addressed the purpose of the Civil Rights Movement and why those in the Black community could no longer wait for equality. Also communicated the peaceful strategy that would be used. -
24th Amendment (+)
The 24th Amendment prohibited poll taxes making it easier for blacks to register and vote. -
Selma March (+)
A three protest march where protesters fought for their right to protest, vote, and gain other natural civil rights. Showed power in numbers. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965 (+)
Prohibited racial discrimination in voting. -
Black Panthers (+)
Was a political movement for self defense. Was one of the first rebellious reactions and backlash to the violence that was being erupted onto blacks. Core beliefs were racial pride, self sufficiency, and equality for Blacks. -
MLK assassinated (+)
Revolutionary activist Martin Luther King Jr. was shot at a motel in Memphis Tennessee. The assassination resulted in mourning, anger, and overall confusion of the public. -
Sandra Day O'Connor (-)
Was appointed to the Supreme Court. First woman to serve on court. Was nominated by President Reagan and was the Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.
