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The earliest recorded sea voyage dates back to this time. Evidence of sea trading was found between the Greek mainland and the Aegean Islands.(Scientific Research & trade)
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Egyptians develop art of shipbuilding and ocean piloting. (Trade & Navigation)
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Torricelli of Italy invents barometer. Which told mariners when big storms were coming and if the weather was going to be good. (Scientific research)
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Benjamin Franklin publishes one of the earliest maps of the Gulf Stream - the strong current system along the U.S. Atlantic coast.
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the U. S. established the U.S. Fish Commission to assist in the regulation and protection of fish stocks. The first U.S. research vessel, (1882) built especially for ocean studies was the Albatross and belonged to the U.S. Fish Commission. (Scientific Research)
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Baird established a research center in Woods Hole on Cape Cod, which stimulated the later development of the Marine Biological Laboratory (1888) and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (1930), probably the world's premier oceanographic research center. ( Scientific Research)
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Mason of U.S. invents the ECHO-SOUNDER , which was used as a submarine detector. (Military)
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Loran navigational system based on radio signals developed. Using two or more sets of land stations, an estimate of position accurate to within 165-1300 feet is possible. (Navigation)
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Evolution of satellite navigation (GPS). Good to within a few hundred feet. (Navigation)
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Robert Ballard from WHOI discovers the thriving benthic habitats at Mid-ocean Ridge hydrothermal vents.