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Birth of Nicholas ll
Nicholas ll was born as Nikolai Aleksandrovich Romanov in Pushkin, Russia. He was born into the Russian Royal family, and was the heir to the Russian throne, after his grandfather and father. He became the tsar of Russia in 1894 after his grandfather was killed in a bombing and his father died from kidney failure. -
The Invention of the Light Bulb
In 1880, Thomas Edison discovered that carbonized bamboo was the best material for light bulb filament. He is credited with the invention of the light bulb using the electric DC, or direct current. And while soon after coming out with his version of the light bulb, George Westinghouse came out with AC, or alternating current, which quickly became popular. In 1892 Edison General Electric Co company joined with a company using AC, and dropped "Edison" from the name. (History.com editors) -
Nicholas's Marriage to Alexandra
Nicholas and Alexandra got married on November 26, 1894 one month after his father's death. Alexandra was granddaughter of Queen Victoria and came from a small German state, which many Russian disapproved of. They had 5 children together, 4 girls and 1 boy who all died with them on July 17th 1918. In their marriage, Alexandra wanted the Russian people to like her, so she always tried to force Nicholas ll to be more like his father, strict, powerful, and putting his country first. (CN Trueman) -
Coronation of Nicholas ll
A month after his father's death, Nicholas ll married Alexandra, a German born princess. At the end of the mourning period for his father, Nicholas and Alexandra were crowned tsar and tsarina of Russia. During their coination, there were stampedes and thousands of people died. Unaware of this, the new royal family smiled and waved to their country. This first day of their rule immediately gave the people a negative perspective of their new tsar. (History.com Editors) -
Theory of Relativity
Albert Einstein actually did not come up with the idea that light inside a vacuum is constant and an absolute physical boundary for motion. But, he's still credited for being a huge part in this scientific advancement. Although this theory doesn't affect humans in their everyday life, it's still important. It says that objects traveling near light speed in space will seem to be traveling at a slower speed and a shorter distance from the viewpoint of a person on earth.(All About Science Editors) -
The First Flight by the Wright Brothers l
Wilbur and Orville Wright first started trying to get up into the air in 1899. Before trying to fly with a motor, they took over 1,000 trips gliding down Big Kill Devil Hill in the air. They were the first people to create an efficient airplane propeller and designed their own motor in preparation for their flight. On December 14th 1903, they were ready. Wilbur won the coin toss to see who would fly, but their their first attempt failed because the plane climbed too steeply and crashed. -
The First Flight by the Wright Brothers ll
3 days later the plane´s repairs were finished and they were ready to try to fly again. At 10:35 the wire was released from holding the plane in place and Wilbur was able to finesse the the controls so that the plane traveled 120 feet at 34 mph. (National Park Service Editors) -
The Birth of the Heir Alexis
Alexei Nikolaevich was born in August 25, 1904 to the tsar Nicholas ll and tsarina Alexandra as their first male out of their previous 4 daughters. Soon after birth it was discovered that Alexei suffered from hemophilia, a genetic condition passed down from his mother. People with this disease normally die young due to their blood not being able to clotting. He was murdered on July 18, 1917 along with his entire family. (Editors at Britannica) -
Bloody Sunday
200,000 Russians met on a Sunday in St. Petersburg to petition the tsar, Nicholas ll. The angry workers wore their best clothes, sang songs of peace, and carried photographs of their ruler. They asked for fair wages and shorter working hours, but they still wanted their tsar ruling.(Halliday 43)The protesters believed he was their ruler and deserved to be, but he ordered policemen to stand watch over the protest. Police shot into the unarmed, peaceful crowd, and killed 150-1000 people. -
Bloody Sunday ll
After this incident, many Russians believed Nicholas didn't have the right to rule anymore, and many more protests occurred. A few of these protests killed over 3,000 people in just a few months. (Strickler 132) -
The Druma
After the many rebellions caused by Bloody Sunday, Nicholas ll decided to act and created a legislature, known as the Druma. He created this legislature to calm down the people and to make them seem heard.Their job was to advise him, but this group of people were not useful to Nicholas and he never listened to what they had to say. He ended up disbanding them later on, angering the people again. (History.com Editors) -
Alexis's Health ll
So many royal families extended from Queen Victoria and had the genetic condition that was deemed the "Royal Disease", because so many royals suffered from it. (Britanica.com Editors) -
Riots in St. Petersburg
After Bloody Sunday, many people were upset with Nicholas ll rule. They believed that what he did was wrong, and they were angry that he wasn't hearing what his subjects had to say. So, the people rioted more, and with more force than they had before. One of the main places they rebelled was in St. Petersburg, where thousands of people expressed their opinions. During the riots, thousands of people died in just the few months that they occured, including many police officers. (BBC.co Editors) -
Alexis's Health l
Alexis, the heir to the Russian throne, was born with Hemophilia. This genetic disorder prevents blood from clotting, and at the time there was no cure. So, the people suffering from it usually died young from a cut or even a bloody nose. This disease was thought to be passed down from Alexis's mother, who was the granddaughter of Queen Victoria. -
The Great 1906 San Francisco Earthquake
On April 4th, 1906 San Francisco felt the first foreshock. About 20-25 seconds later, the great earthquake began, with shaking that was very powerful and there were periods of time where the ground would shake for almost a minute straight. The Earthquake is mainly recognized for its many fires that broke out in the San Francisco area, where the total number of deaths was over 700 from the quake and the fires. But, there were also 189 deaths reported elsewhere too. (USGS editors) -
The Lena Massacre
February 1912, miners in Southeastern Siberia were served rancid horse meat for a meal, and went on strike for it. They declared that their working conditions were inhuman. They also claimed that the mining company forced them to work too long, didn't pay them enough, and that the job was very dangerous. Out of 1000 workers, 700 of them experienced traumatic incidents and/or injuries the job. (Libcom.org Editors) -
The Sinking of the Titanic
The Titanic was a massive ship that sailed from Southampton to New York. This ship was deemed "unsinkable" due to 15 watertight electric doors, that weren't 100% effective. On April 15, 1912 the Titanic sunk due to extensive damage to the ship after hitting an iceberg the night before. Out of the 2,240 members on board,over 1, 500 died because there wasn't enough lifeboats to save everyone from the freezing cold water. (History.com Editors) -
The Building of the Panama Canal
Before the United States of America built the Panama Canal, other countries tried to create one through Central America, like France in the 1800s. But, after 9 years of trying to build and the loss of over 20,000 men to diseases such as malaria and yellow fever, they didn't have enough money to continue. The US started building the canal in Panama in 1903 after paying Panama $10 million and $250,000 annually. It was officially open on August 15, 1914. (Office of the Historian Editors) -
The Murdering of Nicholas ll and his Family l
Nicholas ll and his family were woken up in the middle of the night on july 16, 1918. They were told that they were going to be moved to into the cellar for safety because there was an army outside the castle. The family sewed valuables such as jewelry, gold wire, and gems inside of their clothes because they were expecting to lose all of their property and valuables due to Nicholas getting kicked out of power. -
The Murdering of Nicholas ll and his Family ll
But, once they were inside the cellar, Yakov Yurovsky ordered the guards to shoot and kill everyone inside the room. They murdered Nicholas, his wife, his daughters, his son the heir to the throne, his extended family, and his servants inside the castle. No one knew of their deaths until 8 days later because they were brought into the Koptyaki forest under the cover of darkness. (Fleming 233-239)
