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Reservations
In the late 1860s, Indians were forced onto seperate reservations. They were no longer free to roam the Plains, Indians face supression and poverty -
Sand Creek Massacre
In 1864, a group of Colorado militia encountered a defenseless group of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians [they were under the U.S. Army protection, gathered at Sand Creek]. In the end, many men, women, and children died even when the Indians tried to stop them by raising the US Flag, signaling their friendship. -
Peace Plan Fails
The Natives were struggling to keep what they had, and the federal gov. made plans about building a road through Sioux's hunting grounds which was connected to gold-mining towns. Red Cloud along with his followers lured Captain Williams Fetterman and his troops into a trap and killed them all. This worried the publici and questioned the governement's Indian policy. Soon, the government-appointed US Indian Peace commision said that lasting peace would only come if Natives assimilated. -
Fort Laramine Treaty of 1868
The government agreed not to build the road through Sioux territory and to abandon 3 forts. The Sioux signed the treaty which meant they agreed to live on a reservation. An agent was responsible for giving out land and enought supplies to anyone who was willing to farm and maintain peace relations between reservations and its neighbors. The treaty also promised to have a school and other buildings. Many Indians could not deal with restrictions and left to continue hunting. -
Slaughtering of the Buffalo
In the 1870s, hunters were forced to slaughter hundreds of buffoloes in one day. This was to force Native Americans to go into assimilation or on reservations because Buffalo was essential to their every day life -
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Red River War
What started the Red River War was when the United States failed to keep and enforce the conditions of the 1867 Treaty of Medicine Lodge. White buffalo hunters continued to be on Indian hunting grounds, food and supplies [issued by the government] were not delivered, and white lawlessness were not punished. The Indians decided to attack a group of Texans near by the Red River in June 1874 and did not end until June 1875 when the [last] Comanche surrendered to U.S. troops -
Battle of the Little Big Horn
Colonel George Custer and his men arrived a day ahead of the main force. Close by to the Little Bighorn River, Custer and his men came across about 2000 Indians led by Crazy Horse. The Indians killed Custer and all 250 men. -
Chief Joseph and the Nez Percés
Chief Joseph led a group of refugees on a journey by foot to Canada. He surrendered, banished with his group to Oklahoma, traveled two times to Washington, D.C., tried to sway mercy for his people. -
The Dawes Act
Each Indian family was given 160 acres of farmstead. The act also specified that land coud not be sold or transferred from its original family for 25 years. This was to help speed the process of assimilating Indians. -
Wounded Knee
Native Americans welcomed a religious revival based on the Ghot Dance. Concerned about where the dance might lead, government officials ordered to arrest Sitting Bull. There was a confratation between the U.S. calvary and Sioux which left Sitting Bull and many others were killed. Troops went to find Indians at they fled which left more than 100 men, women, and children dead. This was what marked the end of Indian resistance.
