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Indian Citizenship Act
granting citizenship to all Native Americans born in the territorial limits of the country -
Indian Reorganization Act
US Congress passed the Indian Reorganization Act. This new policy sought to protect American Indians from loss of their lands and provided funds for economic development. It also helped reestablish tribal governments. -
National Congress of American Indians
100 Indian people met to create the nations first large scale national organization to monitor federal policies. -
Trujillo v. Garley
Miguel Trujillo challenged Article 7 of the NM State Constitution. He was a sergeant in the U.S. Marine Corps and a member of the pueblo nation of Isleta in New Mexico. Garley refused to register him because he was an "Indian not taxed." Trujillo asked for an injunction saying it was in conflict with the fifteenth amendment to the US constitution. It was ruled unconstitutional and said no Indian should be disqualified from voting. -
National Indian Youth Council
was formed to resurrect a sense of national pride among young Native Americans and to instill an activist message -
The American Indian Movement
The American Indian Movement (AIM), founded by grassroots activists in Minneapolis in 1968, first sought to improve conditions for recently urbanized Native Americans. It grew into an international movement whose goals included the full restoration of tribal sovereignty and treaty rights. Through a long campaign of “confrontation politics,” AIM is often credited with restoring hope to Native peoples. -
Indian Civil Rights Act
signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, granting Native American tribes many of the benefits included in the Bill of Rights. -
Occupation of Alcatraz
90 Native Americans occupied the island for 19 months hoping to reclaim the rock "in the name of all American Indians." They also wanted money to build, maintain and operate an Indian cultural complex and a university. -
Wounded Knee Incident (AIM)
After a violent confrontation in 1972, President Richard Wilson condemned AIM and banned it from the reservation. AIM leaders and about 200 activists took over the village of Wounded Knee, announced the creation of the Oglala Sioux Nation, declared themselves independent from the US. The siege lasted 71 days. AIM members agreed to end their occupation under one condition: that the federal government convene a full investigation into their demands and grievances. -
Indian Child Welfare Act
enacted in response to a crisis affecting American Indian and Alaska Native children, families, and tribes. requires caseworkers to make several considerations when handling an ICWA case:
1. Providing active efforts to the family;
2. Identifying a placement that fits under the ICWA preference provisions;
3. Notifying the child’s tribe and the child’s parents of the child custody proceeding; and
4. Working actively to involve the child’s tribe and the child’s parents in the proceedings.
