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7 Factors of America's Industrial Growth
Labor, Capital, Natural Resources, Technology, transportation, Government cooperation, Capital -
Old Immigrants
The United States is a nation of immigrants. Every American is either an immigrant or has ancestors who were immigrants. ... The old immigrants arrived in the mid-1800s, coming mostly from northwestern Europe, while the new immigrants arrived a generation later, traveling mostly from southeastern Europe. -
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory by the United States from France in 1803. The U.S. paid fifty million francs and a cancellation of debts worth eighteen million francs for a total of sixty-eight million francs.
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Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist, business magnate, and philanthropist. Carnegie led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century and is often identified as one of the richest people. He became a leading philanthropist in the United States and in the British
Empire.
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John D. Rockefeller
John Davison Rockefeller Sr. was an American oil industry business magnate, industrialist, and philanthropist. He is widely considered the wealthiest American of all time, and the richest person in modern history. -
Theodore Roosevelt
1858-1919. 26th President. Increased size of Navy, "Great White Fleet". Added Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine. "Big Stick" policy. Received Nobel Peace Prize for mediation of end of Russo-Japanese war. Later arbitrated split of Morocco between Germany and France. -
Urbanization
Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban residency, the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas, and the ways in which each society adapts to this change. -
3 Reconstruction Plans
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Pocket Veto
an indirect veto of a legislative bill by the president or a governor by retaining the bill unsigned until it is too late for it to be dealt with during the legislative session. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj4p4-B_-zdAhUL_IMKHbDbCnUQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fslideplayer.com%2Fslide%2F10022449%2F&psig=AOvVaw2IIkc7Y88NqDyy6EQRLOIs&ust=1538749539260594 -
Wade-Davis Bill
A more stringent plan was proposed by Senator Benjamin F. Wade and Representative Henry Winter Davis in February 1864. The Wade-Davis Bill required that 50 percent of a state's white males take a loyalty oath to be readmitted to the Union. In addition, states were required to give blacks the right to vote.
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Black Codes
The Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866 in the United States after the American Civil War with the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt
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3 Reconstruction Amendments
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Freedmen's Bureau
The Freedmen's Bureau, formally known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, was established in 1865 by Congress to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War.
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Motivations To Settle West
Gold rush, homestead ActSettlers moved to the Great Plains for several reasons. One reason was the government was offering 160 acres of land for free if the settler agreed to live on the land for five years. This was part of the Homestead Act of 1862. ... Some people went to the Great Plains when they heard there were minerals in the region.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjE5_Tx3JLeAhUI_IMKHV_PB8cQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fedu.glogster.com%2Fgl -
Civil Rights Bill of 1866
The Civil Rights Act (1866) was passed by Congress on 9th April 1866 over the veto of President Andrew Johnson. The act declared that all persons born in the United States were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition.
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The Reconstruction Act of 1867
laid out the process for readmitting Southern states into the Union. The 14th Amendment provided former slaves with national citizenship, and the 15th Amendment granted black men the right to vote.https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjnht6UgO3dAhVHyYMKHbO7C4AQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcourses.lumenlearning.com%2Fsuny-ushistory1os2xmaster%2Fchapter%2Fradical-reconstruction-1867-1872-2%2F&psig=AOvVaw3zpdq8qCGt6gxBS2XXGwDs&ust=1538749877908 -
Transcontinental Railroad
The First Transcontinental Railroad was a 1,912-mile continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Omaha, Nebraska/Council Bluffs, Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj33Kiq3JLeAhWEoIMKHbtUCEUQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsela.com%2Fread%2Fhistoric-news-transcontinental- -
Gilded Age
Gilded Age, period of gross materialism and blatant political corruption in U.S. history during the 1870s
that gave rise to important novels of social and political criticism. data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD -
Monopoly
A pure monopoly is a market structure where one company is the single source for a product and there are no close substitutes for the product available. Pure monopolies are relatively rare. In order for a provider to maintain a pure monopoly, there must be barriers preventing competitors from entering the market.https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjnpOPAqqTeAhVBzIMKHTUECjAQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.granger.com%2Fresults.asp%3Fimag -
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States. Enacted by white Democrat-dominated state legislatures after the Reconstruction period, in the late 19th century, the laws were enforced until 1965 -
Compromise Of 1877
informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.Spresidential election.It resulted in the United States federal government pulling the last troops out of the South,and formally ended the Reconstruction Era.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjygZXH4vndAhWZ8oMKHdP5Af4QjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyonthenet.com%2Fauthentichistory%2F1865-1897%2F1-reconstruction%2F4-1876election%2F&psig=AOvVaw3gogpNtcBbM5o8KgzZk -
New Immigrants
New Immigrants. Immigration to America reached a high point between 1880 and 1920. Many of the new immigrants who migrated during this period were from southern and eastern European nations, such as Greece, Italy, Poland, and Russia. -
Civil Service Act
The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act (ch. 27, 22 Stat. 403) is a United States federal law, enacted in 1883, which established that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation.https://sites.google.com/site/mshochhonorsusiiwebsite/_/rsrc/1468867494253/home/national-politics-1877-1900/civil-service-currency-and-tariffs/CivilService_Pix2.jpg?height=176&width=320 -
Interstate Commerce Act
The Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 is a United States federal law that was designed to regulate the railroad industry, particularly its monopolistic practices. The Act required that railroad rates be "reasonable and just," but did not empower the government to fix specific rates.data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAkGBxMTEAQj/xABEEAACAQIEAwUDCAoCAQMFAAABAhEDIQAEEjEFIkEGE1FhcTKBkQcUQlKhsd -
Closing of the Frontier
In 1890, the Census Bureau announced the end of the frontier, meaning there was no longer a discernible frontier line in the west, nor any large tracts of land yet unbroken by settlement. This news had a terrific psychological impact on many Americans. For the first time in history, America was without a frontier. -
Exploited Workers
Exploitation of labour is the act of treating one's workers unfairly for one's own benefit. It is a social relationship based on an asymmetry in a power relationship between workers and their employers. Bad wages, hours and working conditions. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 is a United States antitrust law passed by Congress under the presidency of Benjamin Harrison, which regulates competition among enterprises. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537, was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court issued in 1896. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality – a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal"
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Manifest Destiny
In the 19th century, manifest destiny was a widely held belief in the United States that its settlers were destined to expand across North America.data:image/jpeg;base64,/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQAAAQABAAD/2wCEAAkGBxITEhUTExMVFhUXGBgYFxgYGRgYGBkXGBcXFxcZGBoaHSggGBolHRcVIjEhJSkrLi4uFx8zODMtNygtLisBCgoKDg0OFxAQGi0dHR0tLS0rLS0tLS0tKy0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0tLS0t -
Progressive Movement
(1901 -1917Formed by Midwestern Farmers, Socialists, and Labor Organizers -attacked monopolies, and wanted other reforms, such as bimetallism, transportation regulation, the 8-hour work day, and income tax -
Muckrakers
1906 - Journalists who searched for corruption in politics and big business A group of investigative reporters who pointed out the abuses of big business and the corruption of urban politics; included Frank Norris (The Octopus) Ida Tarbell (A history of the standard oil company) Lincoln Steffens (the shame of the cities) and Upton Sinclair (The Jungle) -
Meat Inspection Act
1906 - Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
1906 - Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA. -
Bull Moose Party
nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912 -
Kennedy birth
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Red Scare
The often irrational fear of communism spreading in the United States -
Roaring twenties
period of progression in American society based on the spending of money people didn't have. -
"Return to Normalcy"
President Harding's proposal to bring America back to how things were before the wa -
Teapot Dome Scandal
President Harding had appointed personal friends as members for his cabinet. Some of these members were involved in government corruption such as the secretary of Interior leasing oil-rich land in return for bribes. -
Warren Harding
29th president of the U.S. He made poor decisions when appointing members to his cabinet -
Prohibition
A law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages. -
Flapper
Women displaying their new found freedom by dressing more provocatively, smoking, drinking and speaking "unladylike" -
The Great Migration
The movement of African Americans from the Southern countryside to Northern cities and the increasing visibility of black culture -
Jazz
A style of music created by African Americans that was popular in the 1920s -
Ku Klux Klan
secret society whose purpose was to ensure white supremacy over blacks, Jews, Catholics, and foreigners -
Consumer economy
A consumer economy describes an economy driven by consumer spending as a percent of its gross domestic product, as opposed to the other major components of GDP (gross private domestic investment, government spending, and imports netted against exports). -
Jazz is developed by musicians of New Orleans
Jazz is a perfect way to describe the carefree vibe of the 20s. It was created by African Americans of New Orleans, like Louis Armstrong. He was a fantastic jazz artist. When he was a child, Louis played a small tin horn. Jazz played a major role in the 1920's -
Palmer Raids
Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer conducted two raids in November (1919) and January (1920) of suspected radicals and anarchists. 500 foreign citizens were deported as a result and this led to the Red Scare. Much of the public was upset about the disrespect for the legal process during these raids. -
the 18th Amendment is passed
Prohibition (The 18th Amendment) is the ban on making and selling of alcohol. When this went into effect saloons were forced to close down. People who liked alcohol didn't like the government interfering, and found ways to get a hold of it. An example was going to speakeasies, illegal nightclubs. Other people made their living by selling alcohol they were known as bootleggers. Another result of the amendment was high crime levels. The most notorious criminal was Al Capone. -
. Harding elected president
He started as a small-town newspaper publisher, and worked his way up to U.S. Senator from Ohio. He eventually became a Republican presidential candidate. His promise to "return to normalcy" appealed to voters. He proposed lower taxes. He also put higher tariffs on foreign trade to help American companies. Harding chose a pro-business cabinet -
KKK reborn
The KKK believed that America should be racially pure, which means they discriminated the blacks. The Klan became very strong in many states, including non-southern states. The Klu Klux Klan had over 5 million members in 1924. It tried persuade politics by using violence, but by the end of the decade the Klan began to decline. -
The Immigration Act (Johnson-Reed Act) of 1924
The Immigration Act of 1924, was a US federal law that limited the number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country to 2% of the number of people from that country who were already living in the United States in 1890, down from the 3% cap set by the Immigration Restriction Act of 1921 based on a Census of 1890. It was aimed at restricting the Southern and Eastern Europeans as well as prohibiting the East Asians and Asian Indians. -
John Scopes creates a national conflict
John Scopes created a national conflict by breaking a law caused by fundamentalism. Fundamentalism is the belief of the word-for-word interpretation of the Bible. The fundamentalists didn't believe in the theory of evolution, therefore they did not want it taught in public schools. They convinced 12 states including Tennessee to ban the teaching of evolution. John Scopes broke the law in Dayton, Tennessee. This attracted national attention. -
Hoovervilles
Shantyhomes during the Great Depression -
stock crash
october 29, 1929. Black Tuesday -
Dust Bowl
a period of drought that hit the Great Plains -
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
New Deal program that hired unemployed men to work on natural conservation projects -
Herbert Hoover
President during the beginning of the Great Depression. He believed in rugged individualism and laissez-faire capitalism -
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
a federal corporation established in 1933 to construct dams and power plants in the Tennessee Valley region to generate electricity as well as to prevent floods -
Huey Long
As senator in 1932 of Washington preached his "Share Our Wealth" programs. It was a 100% tax on all annual incomes over $1 million and appropriation of all fortunes in excess of $5 million. With this money Long proposed to give every American family a comfortable income, etc -
Bonus Army
veterans of WWI who marched to Washington DC to demand the bonus they were promised; Hoover called out the National Guard; created a very poor view of Hoover -
New Deal
Roosevelt's attempt to ease the Great Depression with new government programs -
Stock Market
an exchange where security trading is conducted by professional stockbrokers and where company stocks are bought and sold.
