-
War of The Spanish Succession
The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict fought between 1701 and 1714. The immediate cause was the death of the childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700, which led to a struggle for control of the Spanish Empire. His rival, Archduke Charles of Austria, was supported by the Grand Alliance, whose primary members included the Holy Roman Empire, the Dutch Republic, and Great Britain. -
St. Petersburg is founded
Saint Petersburg is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27 May 1703 on the site of a captured Swedish fortress and was named after the apostle Saint Peter.[9] In Russia, Saint Petersburg is historically and culturally associated with the birth of the Russian Empire and Russia's entry into modern history as a European great power. -
The Act of Union is passed
The Acts of Union were two Acts of Parliament: the Union with Scotland Act 1706 passed by the Parliament of England, and the Union with England Act 1707 passed by the Parliament of Scotland. By the two Acts, the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland—which at the time were separate states in a personal union—were, in the words of the Treaty, "United into One Kingdom by the Name of Great Britain". -
Ottoman Empire fights Russia in the Russo-Turkish War
The Russo-Ottoman War of 1710–1711, also known as the Pruth River Campaign, was a brief military conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and the Ottoman Empire. The ill-prepared 38,000 Russians with 5,000 Moldavians, found themselves surrounded by the Ottoman Army. After three days of fighting and heavy casualties, the Tsar and his army were allowed to withdraw. The Ottoman victory led to the Treaty of the Pruth which was confirmed by the Treaty of Adrianople. -
The Peace of Utrecht
The Peace of Utrecht was a series of peace treaties signed by the combatants in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht between April 1713 and February 1715. Essentially, the treaties allowed Philip V to keep the Spanish throne in return for permanently renouncing his claim to the French throne, along with other necessary guarantees that would ensure that France and Spain should not merge, thus preserving the balance of power in Europe. -
Peter I reforms the Russian Orthodox Church
The Church Reform of Peter the Great was a set of changes Tsar Peter I (ruled 1682–1725) introduced to the Russian Orthodox Church, especially to church government. Issued in the context of Peter's overall westernizing reform program, it replaced the Patriarch of Moscow with the Holy Synod and made the church effectively a department of state. -
The First Great Awakening takes place in Great Britain
The First Great Awakening or the Evangelical Revival was a series of Christian revivals that swept Britain in the 1730s and 1740s. The revival movement permanently affected Protestantism as adherents strove to renew individual piety and religious devotion. The Great Awakening marked the emergence of Anglo-American evangelicalism as a trans-denominational movement within the Protestant churches. -
Frederick the Great comes to power in Prussia
Frederick II was King in Prussia from 1740 until 1772, and King of Prussia from 1772 until his death in 1786. His most significant accomplishments include his military successes in the Silesian wars, his reorganization of the Prussian Army, the First Partition of Poland, and his patronage of the arts and the Enlightenment. -
The Seven Years' War is fought among European powers in various theaters around the world
The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) was a global conflict that involved most of the European great powers and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. The opposing alliances were led by Great Britain and France, respectively, each seeking to establish global pre-eminence at the expense of the other. -
George III becomes King of Britain
George III was King of Great Britain and Ireland. The Acts of Union 1800 unified Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with George as its king. He was a monarch of the House of Hanover who, unlike his two predecessors, was born in Great Britain, spoke English as his first language, and never visited Hanover.