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King Charles VIII of France invade Italy. France and Spain were fighting for the control of Italian peninsula. -
Luther takes a public stand against actions on indulgences. -
Peasants were becoming disgruntled by high tax and power. German peasants the stormed the castles and monasteries. -
Set of laws that ended the popes power in England and made Henery VII the Head of The Church. -
Book of the Reformation and Protestant theology. -
A religious order the pope created for Ignatius of Loyolas followers.They founded schools throughout Europe. Converted non-christians to catholosism and stoped the spread of protestantism. -
The inquisition imposed religious uniformity under Catholicism. they used harsh rules to enforce the laws. -
2 main achievements: the heliocentric theory (sun centered theory) and he also formulated the quantity theory of money. -
The Council of Trent was where Catholic doctrines were agreed upon. -
Agreement between the German princes that they could each pick their own religion. -
Church of England established that both Catholics and protestants were accepted which then brought religious peace to England. -
John Knox brings Calvinism to Scotland meaning each community was lead by presbyters. Protestant notes made calvinism Scotlands religion. -
Catholic mobs hunted peasants and killed them in France. -
Henry of Navarre created of Edict of Nantes which granted religious freedom to protestants. -
2 main achievements: he developed the scientific method with his partner Descartes and he also had the theory that all scientific knowledge much come from the observation of nature through inductive reasoning. -
2 main achievements: he observed the solar system with a telescope and he also confirmed the idea that the sun is the center of the planets -
Achievements
1. developed analytical geometry
2. encouraged scientists to use math and logic instead of experimenting to make new observations -
achievements
1. developed the social contract
2. believes that a ruler always needed to keep the citizens in control and the government was an absolute monarchy. -
Achievements
1. people can learn from experience and improve themselves
2. criticized absolute monarchy and favored idea of self government -
achievements
1. division of government and separation of powers
2. checks and balances -
achievements
1. fought tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech
2. his writings gave the founding fathers critical concepts to create a new form government -
achievements
1. he won recognition of writer of essays
2. guaranteed in the U.S. Bill of Rights and French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens