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Thirteenth amendment
The 13th Amendment abolished slavery in America, and was then ratified on December 6. It was first of three of the Reconstruction Amendments.The amendment states: “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” days before Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. -
KKK
The Ku Klux Klan was originally organized in the winter of 1865-66 in Pulaski, Tennessee as a social club by six Confederate veterans. In the beginning, the Klan was a secret fraternity club rather than a terrorist organization.It beat, whipped, and murdered thousands, and intimidated tens of thousands of others from voting. Blacks often tried to fight back, but they were outnumbered and out gunned. -
Civil Rights Bill of 1866
This bill gave all citizens the “full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property. Gave all but this statement says otherwise "all persons born in the United States," with the exception of American Indians, were "hereby declared to be citizens of the United States." This bill helped shaped our country and gave many blacks now the opportunity to own land. -
Plessy v.s Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson, case in which the U.S. Supreme Court, on May 18, 1896, by a seven-to-one. Plessy v. Ferguson was the first major inquiry into the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment’s (1868) equal-protection clause, which prohibits the states from denying “equal protection of the laws” to any person. Though this case did not meet the "separate but equal" quota. -
Founding of NAACP
The NAACP was formed partly in response to the continuing horrific practice of lynching and the 1908 race riot in Springfield, the capital of Illinois and resting place of President Abraham Lincoln. Appalled at the violence that was committed against blacks, a group of white liberals. The NAACP is the nation’s oldest, largest and most widely recognized grassroots-based civil rights organization. -
Rosa Parks
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Rosa Parks refused to surrender her seat to a white passenger on a segregated Montgomery, Alabama bus, which spurred on the 381-day Montgomery Bus Boycott that helped launch nationwide efforts to end segregation of public facilities. The city of Montgomery had no choice but to lift the law requiring segregation on public buses. Rosa Parks received many accolades during her lifetime, including the NAACP's highest award. -
ISD v Salvatierra
Independent School District v. Salvatierra became the first class action lawsuit against segregated Mexican schools in Texas. Jesus Salvatierra, along with other parents hired an attorney on the basis that the Mexican children were being deprived of the benefits other white children had. Independent School District v. Salvatierra became the first class action lawsuit against segregated Mexican schools in Texas. -
Zoot Suit Riots
Conflicts that occurred in June 1943 in Los Angeles between U.S. servicemen and Mexican American youths, the latter of whom wore outfits called Zoot suits. This sprung out between American servicemen stationed in Southern California and Mexican-American youth, these were a series of attacks against Mexican American youth and other minorities by white American servicemen. The servicemen naively formed racist attitudes about zoot suiters based on stories published by the press. -
Emmett Till
Fourteen-year-old Emmett Till was visiting relatives in Money, Mississippi, on August 24, 1955, when he was accused of whistling at Carolyn Bryant, a white woman who was a cashier at a grocery store. Four days later, Bryant's husband Roy and his half brother J.W. Milam kidnapped Till, beat him and shot him in the head. The men were tried for murder, but an all-white, male jury acquitted them. -
Voting Rights of 1965
This “act to enforce the fifteenth amendment to the Constitution” was signed into law 95 years after the amendment was ratified. In those years, African Americans in the South faced tremendous obstacles to voting, including poll taxes, literacy tests, and other bureaucratic restrictions to deny them the right to vote. They also risked harassment, intimidation, economic reprisals, and physical violence when they tried to register or vote. -
Martin Luther King Jr Death
MLK was shot dead while standing on a balcony outside his second-floor room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. News of King’s assassination prompted major outbreaks of racial violence, resulting in more than 40 deaths nationwide and extensive property damage in over 100 American cities. James Earl Ray, a 40-year-old escaped fugitive, later confessed to the crime and was sentenced to a 99-year prison term. -
Rodney King
Rodney King was caught by the Los Angeles police after a high-speed chase. The officers pulled him out of the car and beat him brutally, while amateur cameraman George Holliday caught it all on videotape. The four L.A.P.D. officers involved were indicted on charges of assault with a deadly weapon and excessive use of force by a police officer. After a three-month trial, a predominantly white jury acquitted the officers, inflaming citizens and sparking the violent 1992 Los Angeles riots. -
USA Patriot act of 2001
The U.S.A. PATRIOT Act is passed by Congress with virtually no debate, giving the federal government the power to detain suspected “terrorists” for an unlimited time period without access to legal representation. Over 1000 Arab, Muslim, and South Asian men are detained in secret locations. September 11 made certain races a target for no reason but just appearnace. -
Black Lives Matter
In 2013, three radical Black organizers—Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi—created a Black-centered political will and movement building project called #BlackLivesMatter. Black Lives Matter is an ideological and political intervention in a world where Black lives are systematically and intentionally targeted for demise. It is an affirmation of Black folks’ humanity, our contributions to this society, and our resilience in the face of deadly oppression.
