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9000 BCE
Gobekli Tepe
The Gobekli Tepe was the first religious human built structure.The Tepe is located in an ancient city in Turkey. This was known as "the birth of religion" because it started the concept of worship. The temple was built so that nomads could worship their gods. This was the first representation of worshipping religion. The nomads built the Tepe out of a variation of pottery metal and other materials they found. This structure brought a sense of unity and helped the nomads settle more permanently. -
2000 BCE
The Phoenician Alphabet
The Phoenician Alphabet was created in Lebanon. Phoenician was a language related to Hebrew. This alphabet was developed from the Proto-Canaanite alphabet. The alphabet had 22 letters with no vowels. It was created so that the Phoenicians could track their trades. Every Country that was included in the trading learned this alphabet because it was easier. The alphabet then evolved to be used by many people and different languages. With all the modifications it became the alphabet we have today. -
1771 BCE
Hammurabi establishes a legal code
Hammurabi was the King of the Babylonians from 1894-1595 B.C. His code of law was a set of 282 rules. The code set punishments and fines for people who did not follow them. Hammurabi's code was based on Hammurabi's quote "An eye for an eye." This means that whoever perpetrates the injury will be punished in the same manner. -
499 BCE
The Greco-Persian Wars
The Greco-Persian Wars lasted from 499 - 449 BCE. The also known as Persian wars were fought by Greeks and Persians. These many wars started because Athens and Eretria allied with the Lonians against Persia. The wars included two invasions towards the later wars.The Greeks won the wars and only lost a minimal amount of men in comparison to the Persians. -
100 BCE
Julius Caesar Rise of the Roman Empire
Julius Caesar was a Roman general and politician. When Caesar was young the Roman Republic was filled with war, anger, and hatred. Caesar helped commence the end of the Roman Republic. Julius gained control when he named himself dictator after he forged an alliance with Pompey and Crassus. He changed the Republic into an empire. Caesar defeated his rivals later during the Civil War in 49-45 BC. -
306
The Roman Empire unites
Under Constantine the Great's control, he unites the Roman Empire. He made a proclamation where he legalized Christianity and allowed people to worship whoever they wanted to. This caused people to unite because he protected Christains within the empire -
1095
The Crusades
The Crusades were multiple religious wars fought for land control between the Muslims and the Christians. This event took place in 1095-1291 in Israel. There were 4 different Crusades each one for a different reason. The first Crusade was a fight for the territory of Jerusalem. The second Crusade was because the country of Edessa fell. The third Crusade occurred because Western Christianity wanted the Holy land back. The final Crusade happened because the Pope wanted to bring back the Holy Land. -
First Zionist Conference
The First Zionist Conference occurred in Basel, Switzerland. This conference created the first Zionist congress which had 208 delegates and 26 press correspondents. The congress was chaired by Theodor Herzl whom founded the modern Zionism movement. It became an international Jewish organization. -
British White Paper
The British white paper was a policy that issued many different things. For example it stated that Palestine would not be considered an Arab or Jewish state, but an independent state. It also ended Jewish land purchases and it issued Palestine to independence within 10 years. -
The Holocaust
The Holocaust also known as World War II. The Holocaust was the murder of over 6 out of 11 million Jews. The Nazi goals were to eliminate the entire Jewish population in Europe. The leader of the Nazi's was Adolf Hitler and when he invaded Poland WW2 began. His intent was to conquer Europe to benefit the Aryan people and himself. Hitler had success within his rule but then later committed suicide by poisoning himself then shooting himself in the head.