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510
Roman Catholic Church
-The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church
-The Catholic hierarchy is led by the Pope and includes cardinals, patriarchs and diocesan bishops
-By the end of the fourth centery, Christianity had become the supreme religion of the Roman Empire
-By the end of the fourth centery, the christian church had developed a system of organization. -
511
Clovis
-Clovis was the first King of the Franks to unite all the Frankish tribes under one rule
-He was also the first Catholic King to rule over Gaul, known today as France
-When he was fifteen, he succeeded his father
-Clovis converted to Catholicism; at the instigation of his wife -
527
Emperor Justinian
-One of the most important figures of Late Antiquity and the last Roman Emperor to speak Latin as a first language
-The prefect Liberius reclaimed most of southern Iberia, establishing the province of Spania
-A still more resonant aspect of his legacy was the uniform rewriting of Roman law
-His reign marked a blossoming of Byzantine culture -
Sep 13, 622
Hijrah
-Hijrah was the journey Muhammad and his people took to Mecca
-This journey became year one in the offical calendar of Islam
-Muhammad and his followers immigrated to the city of Yathrib -
Sep 13, 632
Prophet Muhammad
-Born 570C.E in Mecca
-He was believed to be a prophet and a messagener of God.
-Allah sent final revalation through Muhammad.
-He left his followers with a problem he never named a successor -
Sep 18, 636
Byzantine Empire
-was the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages
-Byzantium is today distinguished from ancient Rome
-As the distinction between Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire is a modern convention, it is not possible to assign a single date of transition -
Sep 13, 650
Abu Bakr
-Father-in-law of the prophet Muhammad
-Muhammads closest followers named him their leader
-At Yarmuk, in 636C.E the arabs unifided under Abu Bakr defeated the Byzantine Army.
-Abu bakr was only the leader for 27 months til he died from sickness -
Sep 14, 661
Umayyads
-Mu'awiyah moved quickly to make the office of calph, called the caliphate, hereditary in his own family. In doing this, he established the Umayyad dynasty.
-At its greatest extent, it covered more than five million square miles (13,000,000 km2), making it one of the largest empires the world
-was the second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. -
Sep 13, 750
Abbasid
-lasted until 1258
-descendant of Muhammad's uncle, overthrew the Umayyad dynasty and set up the Abbasid dynasty
-Muhammad through his daughter, claimed the title of Caliph in 909 and created a separate line of caliphs
-The Umayyad dynasty, which had survived and come to rule over the Muslim provinces of Spain, reclaimed the title of Caliph in 929 -
Sep 14, 1055
Seljuk Turks
-Originally, the House of Seljuq was a branch of the Qinik (Kınık)
-In the 10th century the Seljuqs migrated from their ancestral homelands into mainland Persia
-After arriving in Persia, the Seljuqs adopted the Persian culture and used the Persian language as the official language of the government
-In 1055 a turkish leader came to baghdad and took command of the empire. -
Sep 18, 1066
Battle of Hastings
- between the Norman-French army of Duke William II of Normandy and the English army under King Harold II -Harold II was killed in the battle, he was the last English king to die in battle on English soil until Richard III was killed at the Battle of Bosworth Field -The battle marked the last successful foreign invasion of the British Isles. -there was further English resistance, this battle is seen as the point at which William gained control of England
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Sep 18, 1199
King John
-John Lackland was King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death
-John, the youngest of five sons of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine, was at first not expected to inherit significant lands
-John became Henry's favourite child. He was appointed the Lord of Ireland in 1177 and given lands
-John unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against Richard's royal administrators whilst his brother was participating in the Third Crusade -
Sep 18, 1215
Magna Carta
- required King John of England to proclaim certain liberties and accept that his will was not arbitrary -Magna Carta was the first document forced onto a King of England by a group of his subjects -an attempt to limit his powers by law and protect their privileges
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Sep 13, 1258
The Mongols in the Middle East
-The Mongols were a pastoral people who swept out of the Gobi in the 13th century to seise contol over much of the world.
-Greatest contigous land empire in history
-Over time the Mongol rulers converted to Islam and inter married with local peoples -
Sep 14, 1258
Golden age of Islamic Society
-The Abbasid historical period lasting to 1258 (Mongol conquest of Baghdad) is considered the Islamic Golden Age.
-Abbassids were influenced by the Qur'anic injunctions and hadith such as "the ink of a scholar is more holy than the blood of a martyr" stressing the value of knowledge
-became an intellectual center for science, philosophy, medicine and education -
Holy Roman Empire
- was a varying complex of lands[2] that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe -In 962 Otto I was crowned Holy Roman Emperor -The empire's territory was centred on the Kingdom of Germany and included neighbouring territories, which at its peak included the Kingdom of Italy and the Kingdom of Burgundy
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Roman Empire
-in the tenth century, the powerful dukes of the Saxons became kings of the Eastern Frankish kingdom. -
Charlemagne
-New ruler of the frankish kingdom, was the dynamic and powerfu; ruler Charles the Great, or Charlemagne.
-Was a determined and decisive man who was highly intelligent and curious, but was unable to read or write.
-As Charlemagnes power grew, so too did his prestige as the most pwerful christian ruler. one monk described his empire as the "kingdom of Europe" -
Feudalism
-was a set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe
-broadly defined, was a system for structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour
-the term feudalism and the system it describes were not conceived of as a formal political system by the people living in the medieval period
-feudalism describes a set of reciprocal legal and military obligations among the warrior nobility -
William of Normandy
-William succeeded Rollo in 927 and, early in his reigon, faced rebellion from Normans.
-William was born 'overseas to Rollo while he was still a pagan, and his Christian wife Poppa of Bayeux
-In 933, William I Longsword recognized Raoul as King of Western Francia, who was struggling to apress his authority in Northern France.
-William met with king Louis IV in 940 and pledged loyalty for which he was confirmed in lands that had been given his father
