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Anton Van Leeuwennoek
Discovered the "invisible" microorganisms and best known for the improvement of the microscope. Leaned more towards spontaneous generation -
Francesco Redi
Redi was the first scientist to challenge the theory of spontaneous generation by demonstrating that maggots come from flies eggs -
John Needham
Needham experimented with gravy and then with wheat. This was used to experiment with spontaneous generation -
Lazarro Spallanzani
Interpreting digestion, the process of chemical solution, and helped disprove the concept of spontaneous generation. He believed in biogenesis. -
Edward Jenner
Founder of the smallpox vaccine. -
Charles Chamberland
He developed the Chamberland filter, a device of an unglazed porcelain bar. The filter had pores that were smaller than bacteria, which made it possible to pass a solution containing bacteria through the filter and have the bacteria completely removed from the solution. -
Rudolf Virchow
Challenged the case for a spontaneous generation with the concept of biogenesis. He had a hypothesis that living cells only arose from preexisting living cells -
Louis Pasteur
Pasteur demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air and can contaminate sterile solutions, but that air itself does not create microbes. Leans towatds biogenisis -
Joseph Lister
He successfully introduced carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments and clean wounds. Leans more towards biogenesis. -
Robert Koch
Discovered rod-shaped bacteria in the blood of cattle that had died of anthrax. Biogenesis. -
Franny Hesse
Introduce the agar plate as a solidifying gel for the culturing medium. Biogenesis -
Paul Ehrlich
Fired the first shot in the chemotherapy revolution and speculated about a "magic bullet". Later he found a chemotherapeutic agent called salvarsan. Bengenesis. -
Alexander Fleming
Discovered the antibiotic penicillin. Leans towards biogenesis -
Rebecca Lancefield
Proposed that streptococci be classified according to serotypes based on certain components in the cell walls of the bacteria. Biogenesis -
Wendall Stanley
Demonstrated that the organism, called the tobacco mosaic virus, was different from other microbes. Leaned towards biogensis -
George W. Beadle. Edward L. Tatum
Demonstrated the relationship between genes and enzymes. Leans towards biogenesis -
Oswald T. Avery, Colin M. MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty
The Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment was an experimental demonstration showing that DNA is the substance that causes bacterial transformation. Leans towards biogenesis -
James Watson and Francis Crick
Proposed a model for the structure and replication of DNA. Biogenesis -
Francois Jacob and Jscques Monod
Discovered messenger RNA, a chemical involved in protein synthesis. After, generations of debating if cells come from spontaneous generation or biogenesis. Jacob and Monod leaned towards the biogenesis aspect of microbiology. -
Paul Berg
Showed that fragments of human or animal DNA that code for important proteins can be attached to bacterial DNA. Berg leaned more towards the biogenesis aspect of microbiology.